▶FIND THE TOTAL◀
also count up
[transitive] to calculate the total number of things or people in a group 计算总数
I was amazed at the number of plants - I counted 147.
count (up) how many
Count up how many ticks are in each box.
▶SAY NUMBERS◀
also count up
[intransitive] to say numbers in order, one by one or in groups数数
count to
Sarah can count up to five now.
count by twos/fives etc
It’s quicker to count by tens (=saying 10, 20, 30 ...) .
▶BE ALLOWED◀
[intransitive and transitive] to be allowed or accepted, or to allow or accept something, according to a standard, set of ideas, or set of rules 被允许，被接受，接受，允许，算数
A linesman had his flag up so the kick did not count.
count as
Today’s session is counted as training, so you will get paid.
count towards
Results from the two rounds count towards championship points.
▶INCLUDE◀
[transitive] to include someone or something in a total 包括
There are more than two thousand of us, not counting the crew.
count somebody/something among something
I count Jules and Ady among my closest friends. 我把…和…算作是我的朋友。
▶CONSIDER SOMETHING◀
[transitive] to consider someone or something in a particular way 认为
count somebody/something as something
I don’t count him as a friend anymore.我不再把他看作是朋友。
You should count yourself lucky that you weren’t hurt. 你没有受伤，应该觉得自己很幸运。
▶IMPORTANT◀
[intransitive not in progressive] to be important or valuable 重要，有价值
First impressions really do count. 第一印象真得很重要。
count for
His promises don’t count for much. 他的承诺没有用。
His overseas results count for nothing. 他在海外的成果毫无用处。
u For most Chinese, the family counts above all else. It remains the dominant social and political unit in Chinese society so Chinese people will usually be very pleased to be asked about their children and their hopes for their children’s future.
u In social relationships Chinese people almost always seek to preserve harmony and face.
3. Writing.
Dear Chen
I was very pleased to receive your letter. As requested, I enclose some advice about visiting Milan.
There are lots of good hotels near the Fiera and I recommend the Hotel Wagner; it is about a ten-minute walk from the trade fair but also has metro and tram connections. The public transport system here is quite reliable and I do not think you need to hire a car; the traffic in Milan can be a bit chaotic.
Finding somewhere to eat in the evening should be easy. There are plenty of restaurants and pizzerias near the hotel. My favorite is Nove Cento, which serves excellent seafood pasta.
It is difficult to know what to recommend for sightseeing as the city has so much to offer. If you are interested in art, then the world famous “Last Supper” by Leonardo da Vinci is a short tram ride from the hotel or you could visit the Brera art gallery. There is also the Duomo, Milan’s huge gothic cathedral. If you are interested in football, there should be a midweek match featuring either AC or InterMilan. Alternatively, you could visit the fashion area around via Montenapoleone.
Thank you for inviting me for a meal one evening during your stay. I would be very happy to accept.
I look forward to hearing form you nearer the time. We can then make arrangements for where and when we are going to meet.
Best regards
Maurizio
metro noun[countable]
plural metros
a railway system that runs under the ground below a city 地铁
the Paris Metro
It’ll be quicker to go on the metro.
a metro station
tram noun [countable] especially British English
a vehicle for passengers, which travels along metal tracks in the street 有轨电车
American Equivalent: streetcar
connection noun
▶TRAIN/FLIGHT ETC◀
[countable] a train, bus, or plane which is arranged to leave at a time which allows passengers from an earlier train, bus, or plane to use it to continue their journey 火车、公共汽车、飞机等的联运
connection to
If this train gets delayed we’ll miss our connection to Paris. 如果这趟火车延误了，那么我们将错过联运的交通工具赶往巴黎。
chaotic adjective a chaotic situation is one in which everything is happening in a confused way 混乱的
a chaotic mixture of images
pizzeria noun [countable] a restaurant that serves pizza 比萨店
Gothic adjective
1 the Gothic style of building was common in Western Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries and included tall pointed arches and windows and tall pillars歌德式建筑
a Gothic church 歌德式教堂
2 a Gothic story, film etc is about frightening things that happen in mysterious old buildings and lonely places, in a style that was popular in the early 19th century 歌德式故事、电影(19世纪早期流行的发生在神秘古老建筑中或孤僻地方的恐怖故事)
midweek adjective, adverb on one of the middle days of the week 一星期当中
There are often discounts available for midweek travel. 星期三、四出行总会有折扣。
ￚmidweek noun [uncountable]
The match will be played in midweek. 这场比赛将在一周的当中进行。
feature verb
1 [intransitive and transitive] to include or show something as a special or important part of something, or to be included as an important part 包括或展示有特色的事物
The exhibition features paintings by contemporary artists. 这次展览主要展出由当代艺术家创作的油画作品。
a cruise ship featuring extensive spa facilities 一艘配备有大量水疗设备的巡游船
feature in
A study of language should feature in an English literature course. 一门英国文学课中会包括对语言的研究。
feature prominently/strongly/heavily etc
Violence seems to feature heavily in all of his books. 所有他写的书中包含了大量暴力场面的描述。
feature somebody as something
The film featured Marlon Brando as the Godfather. 这部电影把马龙·白兰度塑造成教父的形象。
2 [transitive] to show a film, play etc 放映电影，演出剧目
The Retro Theatre is featuring films by Frank Capra this week. …电影院这周正在放映有弗兰克·卡普若指导的电影。
饼图写作
Language Focus
当一个饼被分割成若干份时，我们需要学会如下的语句要领：
White is the most car colour, which constitutes (accounts for, makes up, is) around 70 per cent.
即：形容词的比较级或最高级和该份额占据多少比例。
再比如：
Most people like to buy white cars.
White cars are twice as popular as red cars.
White cars are significantly more popular than blue cars.
Red cars are a little more popular than blue cars
Summary
When you need to describe a pie chart, you may use different sentence patterns which may be new to you.
l When describing pie charts, the language of comparison is used.
describing just one part of the chart.
The most popular
second most commoncar colour
coloris white.
is red.
Comparing two parts of the pie chart.
Redisfractionally
slightly
a lot
far
much
somewhat
significantly
substantially
considerablymore common
less popularthan blue.
Or
Whiteisabout twice
three timesas common
popularas red.
l Describing the percentage of one part
White, which is 56.11%, is considerably more common than blue, which makes up 12.72%.
Red, which constitutes 28.05%, is about twice as popular as blue, which is 12.72%.
The other colours, which constitute 3.12%, are considerably less popular than blue (12.72%).
There are two ways of incorporating data: by using
Brackets ( )
A relative clause (which + appropriate verb: is, makes up, constitutes, accounts for)
Oral Practice
------One-minute talk
Financial Management: how to identify ways of reducing costs in a company
ü 思路拓展
Production Department: bring in advanced machinery to reduce faulty goods and manpower
Admin Department: reduce the waste of stationery and courier service
Marketing Department: reduce the advertising costs---no TV adverts, instead, more radio and press adverts, reduce travel expenses by staying at lower level hotels and taking economy class
HR Department: reduce the training costs with full use of intranet
ü 话语连接
Every business should keep their costs at a low level to ensure more profits. Different departments can identify possible solutions to reduce costs.
First, advanced machinery should be brought in to reduce both faulty goods and manpower.
Second, cheaper courier service provider should be found for the Admin Department. By this, I mean
Finally, the use of corporate intranet is another good idea.
There’re many other approaches to reducing costs and every company should make relevant guidelines to keep costs low on a regular basis.
ü 实践操作
Every business should keep their costs at a low level to ensure more profits. Different departments can identify possible solutions to reduce costs. First, advanced machinery should be brought in to reduce both faulty goods and manpower in the Production Department. Second, a cheaper courier service provider should be found for the Admin Department. By this, I mean with company expansion, courier service is on the rise. A cheaper provider can mean a substantial saving. Finally, the use of corporate intranet is another good idea. Companies used to invite teachers to carry out in-house training programmes. Since the advancement of IT, companies should make full use of their intranet and facilitate staff’s learning. There’re many other approaches to reducing costs and every company should make relevant guidelines to keep costs low on a regular basis.
Business Passage Reading
Tech-sector marriages tend not to have happy endings
gMergers The New York Times
Having trouble naming a big merger among technology firms that ended well? There are not many.
With the ousting of Carly Fiorina from Hewlett-Packard Development, her much-derided acquisition of Compaq Computer Corp in 2002 was officially added to the long list of disasters.
Remember when AT&T swallowed the venerable National Cash Register Corp in a US$7.4 billion hostile takeover in 1991? Or Compaq’s US$9.6 billion acquisition of Digital Equipment Corp in 1998? Or how about American Online’s US$4 billion acquisition of Netscape Communications Corp in 1998? All failures.
More than half of mergers and acquisitions in all industries fail to live up to expectations but when it comes to big mergers in the technology industry, it seems the success rate is worse.
“There have been few mergers that have succeeded in maturing technology sectors,” said Pip Coburn, an analyst with UBS Warburg. “Large companies have established cultures and merging them in a fast-moving business like information technology is hard.”
The problem facing big technology deals such as HP and Compaq was that they often combined two struggling businesses rather than thriving ones, said Krishna Palepu, a director of research at the Harvard Business School.
Mr Palepu said that a significant amount of the value in information technology companies laid in the people who worked for the acquired firm, many of whom quickly left after a merger
Despite the history of less than successful deals, technology firms continue to press ahead with big mergers. In December last year, Symantec Corp, the maker of the Norton line of computer security software, agreed to buy Veritas Software Corp, a producer of data storage programs, for about US$13.5 billion. Shareholders have derided the deal and its value has fallen more than 30 per cent, to US$10.6 billion, based on Symantec’s closing price on Wednesday.
In December, Oracle Corp concluded a deal to buy PeopleSoft for US$10.3 billion. Oracle’s stock, which rose US$1.35 to close at US$14.63 when the deal was unveiled, has since fallen to US$13.17.
Of course not all technology deals turn sour. While the biggest seem to disappoint, smaller ones have been quite successful.
A.M. Sacconaghi, an analyst at Sanford C. Bernstein & Co, said that IBM Corp’s purchase of Tivoli Systems in 1996 for US$783 million “was a very good acquisition”.
Mr Coburn said some smaller transactions had been runaway hits, citing dozens of small deals in the mid-1990s that laid the foundation for Cisco Systems’ dominance in the electronic-switching market, such as its acquisition of Kalpana, a privately held company, in a stock swap valued a US$ 204 million.
“The deals that work well involve large companies buying research and develop,” he said.
oust verb [transitive] to force someone out of a position of power, especially so that you can take their place
oust somebody from something
The Communists were finally ousted from power.
deride verb [transitive] formal
to make remarks or jokes that show you think someone or something is silly or useless ￚsynonym mock
You shouldn’t deride their efforts.
deride somebody as something
The party was derided as totally lacking in ideas.
venerable adjective
1 [usually before noun] formal a venerable person or thing is respected because of their great age, experience etc - often used humorously
venerable financial institutions
the venerable guitarist Pat Martino
a venerable tradition
mature verb
1 [intransitive] to become fully grown or developed
As the fish matures, its colours and patternings change.
mature into
She has matured into a fine writer.
2 [intransitive] to become sensible and start to behave sensibly and reasonably, like an adult
He has matured a lot since he left home. He wants to prove just how much he has matured both as a player and as a man.
3 [intransitive] if a financial arrangement such as a bond or an insurance policy matures, it becomes ready to be paid
4 [intransitive and transitive] if cheese, wine etc matures, or if it is matured, it develops a good strong taste over a period of time
Few beers brewed in Britain are matured in the bottle. The olives are pulped, then left to mature for three years.
press on phrasal verb
also press ahead
to continue doing something, especially working, in a determined way
We’ll talk about your suggestion later - now let’s just press on.
press on with
Shall we press ahead with the minutes of the last meeting?
thriving adjective
a thriving company, business etc is very successful
a thriving tourist industry
unveil verb [transitive]
1 to show or tell people about a new product or plan for the first time
The club has unveiled plans to build a new stadium.
2 to remove the cover from something, especially as part of a formal ceremony
The statue was unveiled by the Queen.
ￚunveiling noun [countable]
sour adj.
informal if a relationship or plan turns or goes sour, it becomes less enjoyable, pleasant, or satisfactory
As time went by, their marriage turned sour.
The meeting ended on a sour note with neither side able to reach agreement.
runaway adjective [only before noun]
1 a runaway vehicle or animal is out of control
a runaway horse
2 happening very easily or quickly, and not able to be controlled 轻易取胜的，决定性的，失控的，飞涨的，
The film was a runaway success.
runaway inflation
a runaway victory
3 a runaway person has left the place where they are supposed to be
Homework
1.
u Your company has employed an outside consultant to organize an exhibition of your products, to be held next month. His work is unsatisfactory, and your boss has now decided that you should take over full responsibility instead. Your boss has asked you to write to the consultant to explain why he has been replaced.
u Write the letter to the consultant:
· giving two reasons why he has been replaced
· telling him he will be paid for this work
· asking him to brief you on the current situation.
u Write 200-250 words.
2.
l The two pie charts below show a) the three main types of shop which sell your company’s products, and b) the proportion of your sales that each type of shop handle in 1994 and 1995.
l Using the information from the charts, write a short report which describes the situation in 1994 and compares it with the situation in 1995.
l Write about 120-140 words.
Channels of Distribution for 1994 and 1995
a) 1994 b) 1995
