VocabularyStudy
I. Vocabulary Study
-force
force noun
▶MILITARY◀军队
air force空军
armed forces 武装部队
▶MILITARY ACTION◀
[uncountable] military action used as a way of achieving your aims 武力
Peace cannot be imposed by force. 和平是不可能靠武力来强制实现的。
▶PHYSICAL POWER◀
[uncountable]the amount of physical power with which something moves or hits another thing 力量
force of
The force of the explosion blew out all the windows. 爆炸的力量将所有玻璃都冲击碎了。
▶NATURAL POWER◀
[uncountable and countable] a natural power or event
the force of gravity 地心引力
▶ORGANIZED GROUP◀
[countable usually singular] a group of people who have been trained and organized to do a particular job 一群人
the company’s sales force 公司的销售人员
the quality of the teaching force 高水平的教师队伍
task force noun [countable]
1 a group formed for a short time to deal with a particular problem 短期工作专门小组
task force on
a task force on health care reform 医疗改革专门小组
2 a military force sent to a place for a special purpose 先遣部队
▶STRONG INFLUENCE◀
[countable] something or someone who is powerful and has a lot of influence on the way things happen 强势人物或事情
the driving force (behind something/somebody) (=the person or thing that makes something happen) 驱动力
Betty Coward was the driving force behind the project. 贝迪是这个项目的发起人。
a force for change/peace/democracy etc (=someone or something that makes change, peace etc more likely to happen) 主张改变/和平/民主的力量
-place
workplace n. 工作场所[countable] the room, building etc where you work
in the workplace
a report into discrimination in the workplace 一份关于工作场所歧视问题的报告
marketplace noun [countable]
1 the marketplace
the part of business activity that is concerned with buying and selling goods in competition with other companies 交流或竞争的场所
Some retailers worry that new regulations will hurt their ability to compete in the marketplace. 一些零售商担忧新的法规颁布后会损害它们在市场上的竞争力。
2 an open area in a town where a market is held 集市
Howcultureinfluencesbusiness
II. How culture influences business
1. Speaking.
2. Reading.
National culture, international business
barrier noun [countable]
1a rule, problem etc that prevents people from doing something, or limits what they can do 壁垒，障碍，隔阂，妨碍因素
the removal of trade barriers (=something such as a tax that makes trade between countries difficult) 取消贸易壁垒
barrier to
Problems with childcare remain the biggest barrier to women succeeding at work. 照料孩子仍是妇女在工作岗位取得成功的最大障碍。
barrier between
We want to break down barriers between doctors and patients. 我们试图打破医生和病人间的障碍。
The language barrier (=the inability to communicate with someone because you speak a different language) makes debate impossible. 语言障碍使得辩论变得不可能。
2 a type of fence or gate that prevents people from moving in a particular direction 栅栏
Crowds burst through the barriers and ran onto the pitch. 人群冲破栅栏，跑进球场。
3 a physical object that keeps two areas, people etc apart 屏障，障碍物
barrier between
The mountains form a natural barrier between the two countries. 这些山脉在这两个国家间形成了天然的屏障。
methodology noun[uncountable and countable]
plural methodologies
the set of methods and principles that you use when studying a particular subject or doing a particular kind of work 方法
methodology for (doing) something
We’ve been developing a new methodology for assessing new products. 我们正在开发一种评价新产品的方法。
There are some differences in methodology between the two studies. 这两种研究在方法上有着诸多不同。
ￚmethodological adjective
There are a few methodological issues we need to discuss.
ￚmethodologically adverb
The study was methodologically flawed. 这项研究在方法上有瑕疵。
identical adjective exactly the same, or very similar 一模一样的
four identical houses 四座一样的房子
identical to/with
Nutritionally, infant formulas are almost identical to breast milk. 从营养角度讲，婴儿配方与母乳几乎相同。
The ingredients are identical with those of competing products. 这些成分与我们竞争对手生产的产品完全一样。
identical in
The sisters were identical in appearance and character. 这两个姐妹在长相和性格上完全一致。
ￚidentically adverb
intrigue verb
1 [transitive] if something intrigues you, it interests you a lot because it seems strange or mysterious激起……好奇心、兴趣;迷住
Other people’s houses always intrigued her. 她总是对别人的房子很感兴趣。
2 [intransitive] formal to make secret plans to harm someone or make them lose their position of power耍阴谋，实施诡计
intrigue against
While King Richard was abroad, the barons had been intriguing against him.
criterion noun plural criteria [countable usually plural]
a standard that you use to judge something or make a decision about something标准
the criteria we use to select candidates 我们选择应征者的标准
criterion for
the criteria for measuring how good schools are 评判学校是否优秀的标准
Academic ability is not the sole criterion for admission to the college. 学术能力并不是大学入学的唯一标准。
a set of criteria for identifying people who are genuinely ill and unable to work
meet/satisfy/fulfil criteria 满足要求
To qualify for a grant, students must satisfy certain criteria. 为了能够得到资助，学生们必须要满足一定的要求。
touch on/upon something phrasal verb
to mention a particular subject when talking or writing 提及
The report touches on the relationship between poverty and poor health. 这份报告提到了贫穷与健康差之间的关系。
These issues were touched on in Chapter 2. 第二单元涉及这些问题。
