welfare noun [uncountable]
1 someone’s welfare is their health and happiness 幸福，健康
Our only concern is the children’s welfare. 我们唯一的担忧就是孩子们的幸福。
2 help that is provided for people who have personal or social problems 福利
welfare benefits/services/programmes etc
the provision of education and welfare services 提供教育和福利服务
The company’s welfare officer deals with employees’ personal problems. 这家公司的福利官员的职责就是解决员工的个人问题。
3 American English money that is paid by the government in the US to people who are very poor or unemployed 福利事业
British Equivalent: benefit
on welfare
Most of the people in this neighborhood are on welfare. 这个社区中的多数人都是靠救济生活。
bring somebody/something ↔ in phrasal verb
1 to introduce a new law 颁布一项新法律
Harsh anti-Trade Union laws were brought in in the early 1980s. 严厉的反工会法于80年代早期颁布。
2 to ask someone to become involved in a discussion or situation 聘请
I’d like to bring in Doctor Hall here and ask him his views. 我想聘请…博士来这里并询问他的意见。
The police were brought in to investigate the matter. 他们把警方请来，调查此事。
3 to earn a particular amount or produce a particular amount of profit 产生收益
The sale of the house only brought in about ￡45,000. 这栋房子只卖了4万5英镑。
4 to attract customers to a shop or business 吸引
We’ve got to bring in more business if we want the restaurant to survive. 我们如果想要让这家饭馆继续生存下去，我们就必须吸引更多人。
opt [intransitive] to choose one thing or do one thing instead of another 选择
opt for
We finally opted for the wood finish.我们最终选择用木头做最终的修饰.
opt to do something
Many young people are opting to go on to college. 很多年轻人现在都选择上大学.
opt out phrasal verb
to decide not to be part of a group or system 决定不参加, 退出
opt out of
Britain wants to opt out of the new European regulations. 英国打算推出新欧洲体系.
option noun
▶CHOICE◀
[countable] a choice you can make in a particular situation 选择
There are a number of options available.
He had two options.
This was not the only option open to him.
option for
a range of options for cutting costs
one/another option is to do something
Another option is to rent somewhere for six months.
option of doing something
She had the option of staying for an extra year.
Teenage mothers often have no option but to (=have no other choice except to) live with their parents.
E
(at) first hand
if you see, experience, hear etc something at first hand, you see, experience etc it yourself, not through other people 亲身看到、体验、听见
Many people have seen the horrors of war at first hand. 许多人都亲眼看到了战争的恐怖。
4. Reading 2.
elite noun [countable]
a group of people who have a lot of power and influence because they have money, knowledge, or special skills
political/social/economic etc elite 政治/社会/经济界精英
elite adjective
an elite group contains the best, most skilled or most experienced people or members of a larger group
an elite group of artists 一群优秀的艺术家
elite universities 优秀的大学; 一流的大学
stand alone
a) to be strong and independent 独立，自强
the courage to stand alone
b) to be at a distance from other objects or buildings 远离
The house stood alone at the end of the road.
seniority noun [uncountable]
1 if you have seniority in a company or organization, you have worked there a long time and have some official advantages资历深
I had fifteen years seniority, and they couldn’t fire me. 我在这家公司有十五年了，所以他们没有解雇我。
2 when you are older or higher in rank than someone else 年长，地位高
a position of seniority 高级别职位
discharge verb
▶SEND SOMEBODY AWAY◀
[transitive] to officially allow someone to leave somewhere, especially the hospital or the army, navy etc, or to tell them that they must leave 正式命令某人离开(尤指)
Hospitals now tend to discharge patients earlier than in the past. 医院有意让病人比以前早些出院。
discharge somebody from something
Several of the recruits were discharged from the Army due to medical problems. 一些刚招募来的新兵由于医疗问题而被军队开除。
discharge yourself British English (=leave hospital before your treatment is complete)
conditionally discharge somebody British English
(=let someone leave prison if they obey particular rules)
Dunning was conditionally discharged for two years.
▶GAS/LIQUID/SMOKE ETC◀
[intransitive always + adverb/preposition, transitive] to send out gas, liquid, smoke etc, or to allow it to escape 释放气体、液体、烟雾
discharge something into something
Sewage is discharged directly into the sea. 污水直接排放入大海。
discharge into
Rainwater collects here and then discharges into the river Kennett. 雨水在这里收集，然后排放进…河。
▶SHOOT◀
[transitive] formal to fire a gun or shoot an arrow etc 开枪，放箭
A soldier accidentally discharged his weapon.
▶DUTY/RESPONSIBILITY/DEBT ETC◀
[transitive] formal to do or pay what you have a duty to do or pay 尽职，执行任务，履行
discharge your duties/responsibilities/obligations etc
The trustees failed to discharge their duties properly.
preserve verb [transitive]
1 to save something or someone from being harmed or destroyed 保护
We must encourage the planting of new trees and preserve our existing woodlands. 我们必须鼓励种植树木并保护我们现有的森林土地。
2 to make something continue without changing 继续保持
the responsibility of the police to preserve the peace 警察的职责就是维护和平
Norma tried to preserve a normal family life in difficult circumstances. 诺马想要在困境中维护好一个正常的家庭生活。
3 to store food for a long time after treating it so that it will not decay 保存食物
黄色 Italy 红色 Spain 棕色 France 蓝色England 紫色 Germany
Buildinginternationalteams
III. Building international teams
