1 [countable] a promise to do something or to behave in a particular way 承诺，保证
Are you ready to make a long-term commitment? 你做好长期奉献的准备了吗?
commitment to
Our company has a commitment to quality and customer service. 我们的公司对产品的质量和客户服务做出保证。
2 [uncountable] the hard work and loyalty that someone gives to an organization, activity etc 投入，奉献
I was impressed by the energy and commitment shown by the players. 我对于场上运动员显示出的力量和投入而感动。
commitment to
Her commitment to work is beyond question. 她对工作的投入毋庸置疑。
commit verb
past tense and past participle committed present participle committing
▶CRIME◀ [transitive]to do something wrong or illegal犯(错误、罪);做(坏事); 犯(法)
Women commit fewer crimes than men. 女人要比男人犯罪率低。
commit murder/rape/arson etc 犯下谋杀罪/强奸罪/纵火罪
Brady committed a series of brutal murders. 布兰迪犯下了一系列令人发指的罪行。
2 commit suicide 自杀to kill yourself deliberately
▶SAY YOU WILL DO SOMETHING◀
[intransitive and transitive] to say that someone will definitely do something or must do something 承诺，束缚
commit somebody to doing something
He has clearly committed his government to continuing down the path of economic reform. 他很清晰地承诺他的政府会继续沿着经济改革的路途走下去。
commit somebody to something
Meeting them doesn’t commit us to anything. 与他们会面并不意味着我们承诺了任何事情。
commit yourself
commit yourself to (doing) something
The banks have committed themselves to boosting profits by slashing costs. 银行承诺他们会通过削减成本来提升盈利。
▶RELATIONSHIP◀
[intransitive and transitive] to give someone your love or support in a serious and permanent way 给予爱或支持
Anna wants to get married, but Bob’s not sure he wants to commit. 安娜想与鲍勃结婚，但是鲍勃却并不确定他想接受这个承诺。
▶MONEY/TIME◀
[transitive] to decide to use money, time, people etc for a particular purpose 决定为某一特定目的使用金钱、花费时间、动用人力等
commit something to something
A lot of money has been committed to this project. 人们已经为该项目花了许多钱。
▶PRISON/HOSPITAL◀ [transitive] to order someone to be put in a hospital or prison监禁;下狱;入精神病院
commit somebody to something
The judge committed him to prison for six months. 法官裁决他六个月监禁。
committed adjective willing to work very hard at something 愿意努力工作的
The party has a core of committed supporters. 这个党派拥有一群尽心竭力的支持者。
committed to
We are fully committed to Equal Opportunity policies. 我们全力致力于平等就业政策的实施。
forge verb
1 [transitive] to develop something new, especially a strong relationship with other people, groups, or countries形成
ￚsynonym form
forge a relationship/alliance/link etc (with somebody)
In 1776 the United States forged an alliance with France. 1776年，美国和法国组成联盟。
The two women had forged a close bond. 这两个女人关系很近。
Back in the 1980s, they were attempting to forge a new kind of rock music. 追溯到80年代，他们企图创造一种新的摇滚音乐。
2 [transitive] to illegally copy something, especially something printed or written, to make people think that it is real 伪造
Someone stole my credit card and forged my signature. 有人偷了我的信用卡并伪造了我的签名。
a forged passport 一份伪造的护照
3 [transitive] to make something from a piece of metal by heating the metal and shaping it打铁，锻造
literature noun [uncountable]
1 books, plays, poems etc that people think are important and good 文学
He has read many of the major works of literature.
Italian literature
2 all the books, articles, etc on a particular subject 文献
literature on
literature on the history of science
in the literature
Several cases of mercury poisoning have been recorded in the literature.
3 printed information produced by people who want to sell you something or tell you about something (广告, 宣传用的)印刷品(如说明书, 小册子)
sales literature 销售宣传手册
mailshot noun [countable]
advertisements or information that a company sends to many people at one time by post邮寄广告材料
We’re sending out a mailshot telling our customers about our new products. 我们正在把告知顾客我们新产品的广告材料寄出去。
3. Read the text and answer the following questions.
(1) The UK is the leading European investor in China and the main EU source of technology.
(2) Financial services, aviation, telecommunications and environmental technology.
(3) Using an agent or distributor based in Hong Kong, identifying end users, entering into joint ventures.
(4) Long term commitment, ability to research the market thoroughly and forge relationships with the Chinese.
(5) Initially, because the Chinese tend not to respond to mailshots or faxes from unknown sources. Later on, visits will be necessary as business partnerships develop.
