ￚopposite invalid
ￚvalidity noun [uncountable]
I would question the validity of that statement.
originate verb
1 [intransitive always + adverb/preposition, not in progressive] formal to come from a particular place or start in a particular situation 起源，
originate from
A lot of our medicines originate from tropical plants. 许多药物的原料是从热带植物上提取出来的。
originate in
Many Christmas traditions originated in Germany. 许多圣诞节的习俗都是起源于德国。
2 [transitive] to have the idea for something and start it 由…想出
The technique was originated by an Italian artist. 这种工艺是由一位意大利的艺术家想到的.
original adjective
▶FIRST◀
[only before noun] existing or happening first, before other people or things 最初的
The land was returned to its original owner. 这片土地归还给了它最初的拥有者。
The kitchen still has many original features (=parts that were there when the house was first built). 这间厨房还保留有许多原来的特点。
the original meaning of the word 这个单词最初的意思
The original plan was to fly out to New York.最初的计划是先飞纽约。
▶NEW◀ completely new and different from anything that anyone has thought of before 创新的
I don’t think George is capable of having original ideas! 我认为乔治没有这么多创造性的想法。
That’s not a very original suggestion. 这并不是一个有创造性的想法。
a highly original design 一个创造性极强的设计
▶A WORK OF ART◀ [only before noun] an original work of art is the one that was made by the artist and is not a copy
The original painting is now in the National Gallery in London. 这幅油画的原件被保存在了位于伦敦的国家美术馆中。
original noun [countable]
1 a work of art or a document that is not a copy, but is the one produced by the writer or artist
The colours are much more striking in the original. I’ll keep a copy of the contract, and give you the original.
2 in the original in the language that a book, play etc was first written in, before it was translated 原文(未翻译)
I’d prefer to read it in the original. 我想读原版的。
originality noun [uncountable]
when something is completely new and different from anything that anyone has thought of before 创造性，创新性
I was impressed by the originality of the plan. 我对这个计划的创造性留下了深刻的印象。
Her earlier work shows a lot of originality. 她最初的工作显示了很多的创新性。
A lot of his designs lack originality.
a young writer of great originality
evolve verb [intransitive and transitive]
1 if an animal or plant evolves, it changes gradually over a long period of time 演变
evolve from
Fish evolved from prehistoric sea creatures. 鱼是由史前海洋动物演变而来的。
2 to develop and change gradually over a long period of time 发展
The school has evolved its own style of teaching. 这所学校逐渐发展了自己的教学风格。
Businesses need to evolve rapidly. 企业需要迅速发展。
evolve out of
The idea evolved out of work done by British scientists. 这个想法是从英国科学家的工作中逐渐得来的。
evolve into
The group gradually evolved into a political party. 这个团体逐渐演变成一个政党。
relate to: to feel that you understand someone’s problem, situation etc
e.g. Laurie finds it difficult to relate to children.
e.g. I know he feels upset, and I can relate to that.
transfer verb
past tense and past participle transferred present participle transferring
▶MOVE TO DIFFERENT PLACE ETC◀
[intransitive and transitive] to move from one place, school, job etc to another, or to make someone do this, especially within the same organization转学，调动工作
transfer (from something) to something
transfer somebody (from something) to something
You’ll be transferred to the Birmingham office.你将会被调到伯明翰的办公室上班。
▶SPORTS PERSON◀
[transitive] to sell a sports player to another team 体育运动员的转会
He was tranferred for a fee of ￡8 million. 他以8百万英镑转会。
▶MONEY◀
[transitive] to move money from one account or institution to another 转账
transfer something (from something) to something
I’d like to transfer $500 to my checking account. 我想把这500元转到活期账户。
7 transfer power/responsibility/control (to somebody) 移交权力
to officially give power etc to another person or organization
The ageing president is preparing to transfer power to his son. 这位年老的总统准备把他的权力移交给他的儿子。
▶PHONE◀ [transitive] to connect the call of someone who has telephoned you to someone else’s telephone so that that person can speak to them 转接电话
Hold on one moment while I transfer your call. 少等片刻，我把你的电话转进去。
▶TRAVEL◀ [intransitive and transitive] to change from one bus, plane etc to another while you are travelling, or arrange for someone to do this 转机
You will be met on arrival at the airport and transferred to your hotel. 有人会在机场接你，然后把你送到饭店。
▶INFORMATION/MUSIC◀ [transitive] to copy recorded information, music etc from one system to another复制信息，音乐
Transfer the files onto floppy disk. 把这些文件复制到软盘上。
---transfer noun
payoff noun [countable]
1 an advantage or profit that you get as a result of doing something回报;盈利
With electric cars there is a big environmental payoff. 电动汽车会有助于环境。
2 a payment that is made to someone, often illegally, in order to stop them from causing you trouble 堵口费
Union leaders allegedly received huge payoffs from the company’s bosses. 工会领导们被指控收取了公司老板的大笔堵口费。
3 a payment made to someone when they are forced to leave their job 遣散费
The average payoff to staff was about ￡2000.发放给员工的平均遣散费是2000英镑。
clone: to make an exact copy of a plant or animal by taking a cell from it and developing it artificially
pass something ↔ on
to give someone a piece of information that someone else has given to you 讲别人告诉你的消息转告他人
pass something ↔ on to
She said she’d pass the message on to the other students. 她说她已经将这消息转告给了其他学生。
figure verb [intransitive] to be an important part of a process, event, or situation, or to be included in something 成为…中的重要组成部分
figure in/among
Environmental issues figured prominently in the talks. 环保问题成为这些谈话的突出内容。
My wishes didn’t figure among his considerations. 我的希望并没有在他的考虑中占很重要的位置。
Reform now figures high on the agenda. 改革现在成为议事日程中的重要内容。
conjunction noun
1 in conjunction with somebody/something
working, happening, or being used with someone or something else 同时使用、发生、工作
The worksheets are designed to be used in conjunction with the new course books.
2 [countable] a combination of different things that have come together by chance 不同事情的组合
conjunction of
a happy conjunction of events 各种事情的完满结合
walk the walk
to do the things that people expect or think are necessary in a particular situation 遵循行为规范办事
People are motivated by leaders who actually walk the walk. 人们被那些举止得体的领导激励。
talk the talk
American English informal to say the things that people expect or think are necessary in a particular situation 说该说的话
She didn’t talk the talk of feminism, but her career was the most important thing in her life. 她从不谈论女权主义，但是她的职业生涯是她生命中最重要的事情。
walk the talk 言必行，行必果
flash adjective
1 flash flood/fire
a flood or fire that happens very quickly or suddenly, and continues for only a short time 迅速发生并很快消失的水灾/火灾
2 British English informal looking very new, bright, and expensive - used to show disapproval 新的，鲜亮的，昂贵的
a big flash car
3 British English informal liking to have expensive clothes and possessions so that other people notice you - used to show disapproval 穿着奢侈的
Chris didn’t want to seem flash in front of his mates.
identify with phrasal verb
1 identify with somebody/something
to feel sympathy with someone or be able to share their feelings 同情，理解
Humans can easily identify with the emotional expressions of chimpanzees. 人类可以很容易地理解大猩猩的情感表达。
He identified with our distress and despair. 他理解我们的悲伤和绝望。
2 identify somebody with something
to think that someone is very closely related to or involved with something such as a political group 与….密切相连
She has always been identified with the radical left.她总被认为是激进的左翼人士。
3 identify something with somebody/something
to think that something is the same as, or closely related to, something else 有…关联
the attempt to identify crime with poverty and social problems 为寻找证据说明犯罪与贫穷和社会问题有关联而做出的努力
buy into something phrasal verb
1 informal to accept that an idea is right and allow it to influence you 接受，认同
I never bought into this idea that you have to be thin to be attractive. 我从来都不认同只有变瘦才会漂亮的想法。
2 to buy part of a business or organization, especially because you want to control it 收购
Investors were invited to buy into state-owned enterprises. 政府邀请各方投资人来收购国有公司。
philosophy noun
1 [uncountable] the study of the nature and meaning of existence, truth, good and evil, etc 哲学
2 [countable] the views of a particular philosopher or group of philosophers 哲学思想
3 [countable] the attitude or set of ideas that guides the behaviour of a person or organization 思想
The company explained their management philosophy. 这家公司解释说明他们的管理理念。
induction noun
1 [uncountable and countable] the introduction of someone into a new job, company, official position etc, or the ceremony at which this is done 新员工对工作、公司情况、职位等的介绍
induction course/programme/period etc
a two-day induction course
Mrs Simpson is responsible for the induction of new library staff.
orientation noun
[uncountable] a period of time during which people are trained and prepared for a new job or course of study 迎新情况介绍会
This is orientation week for all the new students. 这是面对所有新生举办的介绍周。
step down phrasal verb
to leave your job or official position, because you want to or because you think you should辞职，让位，下台
Morris should step down until the investigation is completed.莫里斯应该在调查结束后辞职。
step down as
Eve Johnson has stepped down as chairperson. ….从总裁的岗位上下来了。
step down from
He was forced to step down from his post. 他被迫从他的岗位上辞职。
in situ adv.
if something remains in situ, it remains in its usual place 保持原样
2. Listening.
Speaker 1: simplicity, humility, a sense of responsibility
Speaker 2: simplicity, openness
Speaker 3: humility, openness, enthusiasm, simplicity
Speaker 4: simplicity
Speaker 5: thrift
Vocabulary
open-plan office: British English
an open-plan office, school etc does not have walls dividing it into separate rooms
cubicle noun [countable]
a small part of a room that is separated from the rest of the room小隔间，小单间
a shower cubicle
office workers in their cubicles
partition noun
1 [countable] a thin wall that separates one part of a room from another 房间的隔板
2 [uncountable] the action of separating a country into two or more independent countries 国家的分离
partition of
the partition of India 印度的分裂
partition verb [transitive + into]
to divide a country, building, or room into two or more parts 分割(国家，楼房，房间)
partition something ↔ off phrasal verb
to divide part of a room from the rest by using a partition
They partitioned off part of the living room to make a study. 他们把起居室分割出一部分用作书房。
bypass verb [transitive]
1 to go around a town or other busy place rather than through it 绕过
Interstate 8 bypasses the town to the north.
2 to avoid obeying a rule, system, or someone in an official position 忽视，回避，
Francis bypassed his manager and wrote straight to the director. 弗朗西斯绕过了他的经理，直接给总经理写信。
front line noun
1 [countable usually singular] the place where fighting happens in a war 前线
ￚsynonym front
in/on the front line
troops who had served in the front line at Magdeburg
three miles behind the front line
2 in the front line
a) doing something that has not been done before 做前任未作过的事情
in the front line of the fight against cancer
ￚfront-line adjective [only before noun]
front-line troops
map something ↔ out phrasal verb
to plan carefully how something will happen 仔细地谋划
Her own future had been mapped out for her by wealthy and adoring parents. 她既有钱又宠爱她的父母已经把她的未来都安排好了。
napkin noun [countable] a square piece of cloth or paper used for protecting your clothes and for cleaning your hands and lips during a meal餐巾纸
ￚsynonym serviette
check out phrasal verb
▶MAKE SURE◀
a) check something ↔ out
to make sure that something is actually true, correct, or acceptable 调查
ￚ同义词 investigate
I made a phone call to check out his address. 我打电话向要查到他的住处。
check something ↔ out with
Check it out with your boss before you do anything. 在做事之前要先向你的老板把情况调查清楚。
b) if information checks out, it is proved to be true, correct, or acceptable 真实，正确
His credit record checks out.他的信用记录证实可靠。
▶LOOK AT SOMEBODY/SOMETHING◀
check somebody/something ↔ out
to look at someone or something because they are interesting or attractive 查阅，浏览
If I hear about a website that sounds interesting, I check it out. 如果我听说某个网站有意思，我就会登陆浏览。
Hey, check out that car! 嘿，瞧瞧那辆车。
▶GET INFORMATION◀
check somebody ↔ out
informal to get information about someone, especially to find out if they are suitable for something 获取信息
I’ll check them out as potential employers. 我会了解有关他们的情况，看看他们有没有这个潜质成为老板。
▶HOTEL◀
to leave a hotel after paying the bill 从饭店结账
We checked out at noon. 我们马上结账。
▶BOOKS◀
check something ↔ out
American English to borrow a book from a library 从图书馆借书
The library allows you to check out six books at a time. 图书馆允许一次借阅六本书。
aura [countable] a quality or feeling that seems to surround or come from a person or a place 氛围，气氛
aura of
The building retains an aura of mystery. 这座建筑留有神秘的气氛。
Additional Reading on Clothes
