12.(1次)
原始寂静：
V1(BY: sallymaurice ) campus housing rate drease. 为了增加，某个newspaper人说减少供应量，增加occupancy rate. 然后降低rents，keep students from live-off campus ,提高需求量.
原题:
The following appeared in the editorial section of a campus newspaper:
“Because occupancy rates for campus housing fell during the last academic year, so did housing revenues. To solve the problem, campus housing officials should reduce the number of available housing units, thereby increasing the occupancy rates. Also, to keep students from choosing to live off-campus, housing officials should lower the rents, thereby increasing demand.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
校园报纸的社论：
因为校园住宅的使用率在过去的学年中下降了，住宅收入也下降了。为了解决这个问题，校园住宅办公室应该减少可使用的住宅单元，从而增加使用率。同样的，为了不让学生选择住在校外，住宅办公室应该降低租金来扩大需求。
参考思路：
1.入住率和房租收入非因果关系(房租收入下降也可能是赶上经济衰退租房市场低迷、学生招收人数减少等)
2.降低房租不一定能吸引更多的学生(价格不是唯一因素，存在其他因素如住宿条件、学校管制太严等)
3.提高入住率不一定能提高收入(尤其是在利用降低房租这个手段时，增加的入住量不一定能弥补降低房租带来的损失)
4.False causal relationship
5.Gratuitous assumption：
6.All things are equal:
参考范文：
The author of this article argues that, to reverse declining revenues from campus housing rentals, campus housing officials should decrease the number of available housing units and reduce rent prices on the units. The author’s line of reasoning is that fewer available units will limit supply while lower rents will increase demand, thereby improving overall occupancy rates, and that the resulting increase in occupancy rates will, in turn, boost revenues for the campus. This reasoning is unconvincing for several reasons.
To begin with, the author assumes that boosting occupancy rates will improve revenues. All other factors remaining unchanged, this would be the case. However, the author proposes reducing both the supply of units and their rental prices. Both of these actions would tend to reduce revenues. The author provides no evidence that the revenue-enhancing effect of a higher occupancy rate will exceed the revenue-decreasing effect of reduced supply and price. Without such evidence, the argument is unconvincing.
Secondly, the author assumes that lowering rents will lead to higher revenues by increasing demand. However, it is possible that demand would decrease, depending on the extent of the rent reduction as well as other factors—such as overall enrollment and the supply and relative cost of off-campus housing. Moreover, even if demand increases by lowering rents, revenues will not necessarily increase as a result. Other factors, such as maintenance and other costs of providing campus housing units and the reduced supply of rental units might contribute to a net decrease in revenue.
Thirdly, in asserting that lowering rental rates will increase demand, the author assumes that current rental rates are causing low demand. However, low demand for student housing could be a function of other factors. For instance, the student housing units may be old and poorly maintained. Perhaps students find the campus housing rules oppressive, and therefore prefer to live off-campus; or perhaps enrollments are down generally, affecting campus housing occupancy.
In conclusion, the author of this editorial has not argued effectively for a decrease in the number of available campus housing units and a reduction in rental rates for those units. To strengthen the argument, the author must show that a rent reduction will actually increase demand, and that the revenue-enhancing effect of greater demand will outweigh the revenue-reducing effect of a smaller supply and of lower rental rates.
13.(2次)
原始寂静：
V1(BY: Bachhukali ) 一个报纸提出的选择职业的建议，说是it is unwise去选择self-employd (work at home) than a stable office work. 然后陈述了理由。首先是self-employed会让人经常被distracted, 比如neighbor, baby什么的，然后说work at home会让人有惰性(一个蛮长的词，不认识= =)并且会avoid working，最后说work at home让人没有社交，阻碍了career发展。
考古:
V1. 考的是对于那些在家工作的人的陈述。说他们容易受到外界的影响，在没有计划的情况下容易懈怠不工作，因为一直在家里还很难得到职业发展和晋升的机会等等。。。
V2. 题目中有单词没读懂，不过不影响整体意思，主要就是在批评在家工作的坏处，先说在家工作会遇到很多让你分心的事，比如手机响，吵闹的邻居还有个什么忘了，然后又说在家工作会让你没有一个schedule并且avoid working，最后说在家工作让人们socially and professionally isolated 以至于不能升职神马的
V3. 说homeworker的坏处，第一点是什么家庭周围的吵杂声会影响到工作，第二点：人们可能会本能的Avoiding working，第三点：随着Socially and economically isolated ，homeworker will be limitted.
V4. 是那个homeworker挣得比office worker 少 给了三条理由 第一是会受到很多因素影响工作 如电话 noisy neighbors 第二是人们本身会aviod working 第三是isolated 机会limited
Generally speaking, it is financially unwise for people quit stable office job and start working from home. It is there are a lot of distractions when people working from home. People working from home tend to procrastinate because there is no discipline. Also, working from home make people isolated. Therefore, it is financially more advantageous for people working in the office.It is unwise to quit a stable office job in order to be self-employed and work at home. 给出的理由是，在家办公容易受neighbor影响，没效率，经常avoid working等等。然后又说在家办公isolated with the work place, 对career advancement不好。所以不应该quit stable office job and become self-employed.
说在办公室工作比在家工作好。有三个论点
1 在家工作的人会面对更多的abstraction，比如 邻居 电话 家务等等。 2在家工作的人更没有时间计划，更倾向与avoid work 3与社会和人群隔离，会对人的career advance有限制。整个argument都没有举例和调查。
参考思路：
1 false causal relationship: no correlation
2 gratuitous assumption no evidence
3 Either or choice
14.(1次)
原始寂静：
V1(BY: jiafeimao673 ) 因为across town的district的三个new business(pizza 店、golf club还有一个忘了)做得很成功，于是某investment firm决定也在他们那个district建立相同的三种new business，并且给Patronize其中两个business的客人第三个business的优惠，这样就可以提高sales也可以提高profitability 了。
原题:
The following appeared as part of the business plan of the Capital Idea investment firm.
“Across town in the Park Hill district, the Thespian Theater, Pizzazz Pizza, and the Niblick Golf Club have all had business increases within the past two years. Capital Idea should therefore invest in the Roxy Playhouse, the Slice-o’-Pizza, and the Divot Golf Club, three new businesses in the Irongate district. As a condition, we should require them to participate in a special program: Any customer who patronizes two of the businesses will receive a substantial discount at the third. By motivating customers to patronize all three, we will thus contribute to the profitability of each and maximize our return.”
在ParkHill区的Thespian剧院，Pizzazz比萨，Niblick高尔夫俱乐部在过去2年都有业务增长。因此Capital Idea应该投资Poxy剧场，Slic-o比萨和Divot高尔夫俱乐部这3家新的Irongate区的企业。为使他们达到条件，我们应该要求他们参加特殊的项目：任何顾客在其中两家消费将在第三家得到折扣。通过刺激顾客在所有3家店消费，我们将增进每一家的利润，从而使我们的回报最大化。
