4做状语： (只要主句的主语是Ving的发出者，Ving可以做所有的状语)
Having entered the 21stcentury, we are now blessed with more opportunities and confronted with more challenges.
Surfing the Internet, we are often annoyed by various advertisements.
Serving in the army, women can perform. as well as men do.
5做插入语：
A常规(一些可以做插入语的副词后加上Speaking而意思不变)
1 Properly speaking,
2 Generally speaking,
3B特殊 (一些由Ving构成的特殊插入语)
1 Speaking of…
9 (三)V-ed: Ved由动词加ed构成。Ved一般在写作中可以做定语，状语，和插入语。
(1)做定语：
A前置(将Ved放在名词前修饰名词 相当于一个形容词)
Chance favors thepreparedmind.
It seems that we have embarked upon anever-acceleratedera.
B后置 (将Ved放在名词后修饰名词 相当于一个省略了的定语从句)
Difficultiesmasteredare opportunities. = Difficultieswhich are masteredare opportunities.
Childrenencouraged to study alonecan cultivate their independence and toughness. = Childrenwho are encouraged to study alonecan cultivate their independence and toughness.
(2)做状语：(只要主句的主语是Ved的承受者，Ved可以做所有的状语)
Well done, the smallest task becomes a miracle of achievement.
Encouraged to learn competition, children will adapt themselves to the society better in the future.
(3)做插入语：
1 Compared with…,
2 Compared to…,
3 Given…,
4 Given closer analysis,
5 Based on the above factors,
6 Based on the above discussion,
7 Simply stated,
8 Simply put
