3.3.8 it is done that 句型
这涉及被动语态的一种常用句型。代词it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句置于句末。这种句型往往翻译为主动语态，可以不加主语或者加上表示泛指的主语。
[例句]
Much was known previously about the chemical properties of aluminum and their application to practical uses.
以前人们就对于铝的化学特性以及其实际用途
It has been said that when a man is sitting behind a sreer-wheel, his behavior will change.
3.4 主动形式、被动意义的表达
3.4.1 作系动词使用的感官动词
这类动作包括：feel感觉;look看上去;smell闻起来;sound听上去;taste吃起来等。
[例句]
The evening air feels cold.
夜晚的空气感觉很冷。
He looks to be an honest man.
他看上去是个老实人。
That story of yours doesn’t sound very likely.
你说的话听起来不大可信。
3.4.2 表示事物自身性质或特征的动词
这类词包括：clean被弄干净;iron熨烫;photograph在照片上显得;play播放;prove被证明是;read读起来;sell出售;wash洗起来;wear穿起来等。
[例句]
The tape recorder won’t play.
这台录音机放出声音。
A rumor does not always prove to be a fact.
传闻不一定证明是事实。
This kind of shirt washes well.
这种衬衣耐洗。
3.4.3 特定用法的动词
这类动词要求去后作宾语的动词可以使用动名词的主动形式，而表达的却是被动意义，这类词包括: bear经得起，值得，需要;demand需要;deserve\\worth值得;need、require需要;等等。
[例句]
This job wants doing at once.
这工作需要马上就做。(相当于This job wants to be done at once.)
The boys deserves praising.
这个男孩值得表扬。(相当于The boy deserves to be praised.)
The matter demands looking into.
这件事学要调查。(相当于The matter demands to be looked into.)
3.4.4 主被动两用动词
这类动词包括：blow被吹走，被吹响;hang被绞死;let、rent被出租;train结受训练，被培养;tear被撕裂;等等。
[例句]
If we don’t hang together, we will hang separately.
如果我们不团结在一起，我们就会被分别处死。
Whistle blew, and the train started.
汽笛鸣响，火车开动了。
My dress tore when it caught on the nail.
我的衣服钩在钉子上，被撕破了。
3.4.5 用于”sth. to do ”的表达
[例句]
Man still has a lot to learn about the brain.
关于大脑，我们还有许多东西要了解。
Could you get me something to read? I have nothing to do.
你能给我点东西读吗?我无事可做。
3.4.6用于“to blame”表达
表示“该受责备”
[例句]
The weather was partly to blame for crop failure.
天气不好是庄家歉收的部分原因。
I thought the technician was to blame for the blowing of the fuse.
我以为保险丝的断裂是技术员的责任。
3.4.7用于“sth. is +形容词+不定式”句型
[例句]
The water is not clean enough to drink.
这水不够干净，不能喝。(习惯上不说The water is not clean enough to be drunk.)
If you try harder, the language is not so difficult to learn as you think.
如果你多付出一些努力，这门语言并没有你认为的那样难学。(习惯上不说If you try harder, the language is not so difficult to be learned as you think.)
3.4.8 主动形式、被动意义的动词短语
这类词包括：catch on受欢迎，被接受，受雇于;come home to被完全领会，被清除的理解;dawn on 被想到;get across被理解，被接受;occur to 被想到;pass for 被错误的看作;run out被用完，被耗尽;sink in 被理解;turn up 被找到，被发现;等等
[例句]
The player caught on with a big team last year.
这名球员去年受雇于一个大球队。
It suddenly dawned on me that I’d caught the wrong train.
我突然发现自己乘错火车了。
Your advice didn’t quite sink in. You may have to talk to him again.
你的建议他没有听进去。你或许得再和他谈谈。
3.5 被动语态的翻译
在英译汉忠，英语的被动语态往往译为主动表达，有时甚至会发现，生硬的翻译成汉语的被动语态不通。这是由于英汉两种语言的差异导致的。英语常用被动语态，而汉语喜欢主动表达，再者，汉语允许无主语的句子。鉴于此，当翻译被动语句时，应灵活处理，依原文的意义为依据，以汉语的习惯为转移，抛弃原文的形式，传达出文字背后真正的内容。
[例句]
Some people are reached by flattery.
有些人就喜欢听奉承话。
All travelers are advised to fasten their safety-belt to avoid being injured.
请旅客们系好安全带，以防碰伤。
Exceptions can be found to any rule.
任何规则都可以找到例外。
