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Directions: There are 10 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. You should decide on the best choice.
Passage 1
It doesn’t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can’t remember it. You just waste your valuable time. Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting.
One dependable aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading. You remember better what you read when you know why you are reading.
Why does a clerk in a store go away and leave you when your reply to her offer to help is “No, thank you. I’m just looking”? Both you and she know that if you aren’t sure what you want, you are not likely to find it. But suppose you say instead “Yes, thank you. I want a pair of sun glasses.” She says, “Right this way, please.” And you and she are off, both eager to look for exactly what you want.
It is quite the same with your studying. If you choose a book at random, “just looking” for nothing in particular, you are likely to get just that nothing. But if you do know what you want, and if you have the right book, you are almost sure to get it. Your reasons will vary; they will include reading or studying “to find out how”. A good student has a clear purpose or reason for what he is doing.
This is the way it works. Before you start to study, you say to yourself something like this, “I want to know why Stephen Vincent Bennett happened to write about America. I am reading this article to find out.” Or, “I’m going to skim this story to see what life was like in medieval England.” Because you know why you are reading or studying, you relate the information to your purpose and remember it better.
Reading is not one single activity. At least two important processes go on at the same time. As you read, you take in ideas rapidly and accurately. But at the same time you express your own ideas to yourself as you react to what you read. You have a kind of mental conversation with the author. If you expressed your ideas orally, they might sound like this: “Yes, I agree. That’s my opinion, too.” Or “Ummmm, I thought that record was broken much earlier, I’d better check that date.” Or “But there are some other facts to be considered!” You don’t just sit there taking in ideas --you do something else, and that something else is very important.
This additional process of thinking about what you read includes evaluating it, relating to what you already know, and using it for your own purposes. In other words, a good reader is a critical reader. One part of critical reading, as you have discovered, is distinguishing facts and opinions. Facts can be checked by evidence. Opinions are one’s own personal reactions.
Another part of critical reading is judging sources. Still another part is drawing accurate inferences.
1. If you cannot remember what you read or study, ______.
a. it is something natural so don’t feel surprised at it
b. it means that you have not really learned anything
c. it means that you have not chosen the right book
d. you might think what you read is not important
2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?
a. You should be clear about why you are going to read something.
b. You should relate the information you get to your purpose.
c. You should try your best to remember what you have read.
d. Before reading, you should try to choose an interesting book.
3. A good reader is one who ______.
a. relates what he reads to his knowledge about the subject matter
b. does a lot of thinking while he is reading a book
c. is able to check the facts presented against what he’s already known
d. takes a critical attitude to whatever he is going to read
4. Reading activity involves ______.
a. mainly drawing accurate inferences from what one reads
b. merely distinguishing facts and opinions
c. primarily learning about ideas and evaluating them critically
d. only two important processes going on at the same time
5. The author cites the example of the conversation between a reader and a clerk in a store to indicate that ______.
a. the clerk is certainly more familiar with everything in his store
b. one cannot get a desired result without an obvious purpose
c. it makes no difference what one reads if he remembers nothing
d. both the clerk and the reader should cooperate with each other
Passage 2
Psychology (心理学) is the study of the mind and mental activities. For example, psychologists are interested in why some things make you sad, but others make you happy. They want to know why some people are shy, but others are quite talkative. They also want to know why people do the things that they do. They test intelligence.
Psychologists deal with the mind and behavior of people. Your mind consists of all your feelings, thoughts and ideals. It is the result of one part of the brain called cerebrum (大脑). Your behavior is the way you act or conduct yourself. Examples of behavior include shouting, crying, laughing, and sleeping.
Several people have been instrumental in the field of psychology. Wilhelm Wundth set up the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879. Ivan Pavlov, a Russian, is noted for his experiments with dogs in which he studied their reflexes (反射作用) and reactions. Around 1900, Sigmund Freud stated his theory that people try to repress any memories or thoughts that they believed were not good.
Psychologists should not be confused with psychiatrists. They are medical doctors who treat people.
6. A good title for this selection is _______________.
a. Studying the Mind.
b. Feelings and Behavior of Human Beings.
c. Psychology and Psychiatry.
d. Famous Psychologists.
7. "Some people are shy." (Line 3, Para 1)That means _____________.
a. They are modest.
b. They are quiet.
c. They never say a word.
d. They are ashamed
8. We may conclude that psychologists _________________.
a. study physical diseases as well.
b. deal with animals more often than with people.
c. are not medical doctors
d. are interested in things that make you sad
9. Pavlov worked with ______________.
a. people.
b. dogs.
c. mental illness.
d. abnormal behavior.
10. The cerebrum controls ___________________.
a. the mind.
b. the body.
c. the whole brain
d. the field of psychology.
Passage 3
Ever since humans have inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words and ideas. Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols of whole words are very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally; spelling, however, cannot. Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A wink can be a way of flirting or indicating that the party is only joking. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction.
Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille (a system of raised dots read with the fingertips), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide, warn, and instruct people. While verbalization is the most common form of language, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.
11. Which of the following best summarizes this passage?
a. When language is a barrier, people will find other forms of communication.
b. Everybody uses only one form of communication.
c. Nonlinguistic language is invaluable to foreigners.
d. Although other forms of communication exist, verbalization is the fastest.
12. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?
a There are many forms of communication in existence today.
b. Verbalization is the most common form of communication.
c. The deaf and mute do not need sign language for communication.
d. Ideas and thoughts can be transmitted by language.
13. Which form other than oral speech would be most commonly used among blind people?
a. Picture signs. c. Body language.
b. Braille. d. Signal flags.
14. How many different forms of communication are mentioned here?
a. 2 — 4 c. 8 — 10
b. 5 — 7 d. Over 10
15. Sign language is said to be very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally as it doesn't represent _____.
a. spellings c. ideas
b. whole words d. feelings
