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LSAT作题及训练方法总结
逻辑推理题主要考查以下推理能力:
1)进行论证的能力
2)评价论述的能力
3)形成或评价行动方案的能力
按照美国ets命题人员的说法,逻辑推理题主要考查考生在以下三个方面能否进行有效推理的能力。
一、论点构建(argument construction)
这一方面产问题主要让你去识别或找到:
(一) 论述的基本结构(the basic structure of an argument) www.kswchina.com
(二) 正确得到的结论(properly drawn conclusion) www.kswchina.com
(三) 基于的假设(underlying assumption) www.kswchina.com
(四) 被强有力支持的解释性假说(well-supported explanatory hypotheses)
(五) 结构上相似的论点的平行结构(parallels between structurally similar arguments) www.kswchina.com
二、论点评价(argument evaluation)
这一方面的问题主要让你在分析既定的论点基础之上去识别:
(一) 加强或削弱既定论点的因素(factors that would strengthen, or weaken, the given argument) www.kswchina.com
(二) 在进行论述时所犯的推理错误(reasoning errors committed in making that argument) www.kswchina.com
(三) 进行论述所使用的方法(the method by which the argument proceeds)
三、形成并且评价行动方案(formulating and evaluating a plan of action)
这方面的问题主要让你去识别:
(一) 不同行动方案的相对合适性、有效性或效率(the relative appropriateness, effectiveness, or efficiency of different plans of action)
(二) 加强或削弱拟议行动方案成功可能的因素(factors that would strengthen, or weaken, the prospects of success for a proposed plan of action)
(三) 拟议行动计划所基于的假设(assumptions underlying a proposed plan of action)
根据逻辑推理题的考查内容,我们认为熟悉逻辑推理的主要题型对你大有裨益,下面是我们在考试中将遇到的十一类逻辑推理题。
一、假设(assumption) www.kswchina.com
这类考题主要考查我们识别根据什么前提得出论点的能力,这类题目往往用以下方式:
二、支持(support) www.kswchina.com
这类考题主要考查我们识别一种附加事实信息支持论点的能力,这类题往往用如下措词:
which of the following, if true, would constitute the strongest evidence in support of the claim made above?
which of the following, if true, does not support the claim that…
三、反对(weaken): www.kswchina.com
这类考题主要考查我们识别一种附加事实信息反对论点的能力,这类题主要用以下措词:
which of the following, if true, would additionally weaken the traditional opinion that…
the persuasiveness of the claim made above is most weakened by…
四、评价(evaluation):
这类考题主要考查我们评价论点的能力这类题往往用以下方式:
which of the following would be most important to know in evaluating the accuracy of the argument above?
knowledge of which of the following would be least useful in evaluating the claims made in the passage above?
五、推断(inference): www.kswchina.com
这类考题主要考查我们评价论点的能力,这类题往往用以下方式:
it can be inferred from the passage above that the author believes that…
which of the following is implied by the passage above?
from the information above, which of the following can be most reasonably inferred about…
六、 结论(conclusion):
这类考题主要考查我们根据文章中的论据能提出什么合乎逻辑的主张的能力,这类题往往腻和这些方式:
if the statements above are true, which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn?
choose the most logical completion for the following paragraph.