下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 The levels of radioactivity in fields neighbouring the nuclear plant are higher than regular levels.
A significant B usual C important D harmful
2 The French Revolution was a period of disorder, but produced some great literature.
A chaos B interest C imagination D success
3 She was one of the leading writers of her day.
A expected B natural C most important D least
4 The hill was once rich with iron.
A abundant B destitute C enough D sufficient
5 The retired couple lived a life of ease.
A luxury B misery C poverty D comfort
6 We should abide by the rules and regulations.
A conform to B comply to C lead to D observe to
7 What were the effects of the decision she made?
A results B extinction C lure D reasons
8 Put some effort into your work.
A effect B force C coverage D energy
9 The number of United States citizens who are eligible to vote continues to increase.
A encouraged B enforcedC entitled D expected
10 According to the constitution, anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote.
A illegal B legitimate C required D qualified
11 The doctor said that I had to eliminate alcohol.
A cut out B cut on C cut in D cut up
12 The class of mammals embraces nearly all warmblooded animals except the birds.
A takes on B takes over C takes in D takes up
13 The environmentalists advocated better protection of the earth.
A appeal B pledge C proclaim D urge
14 We can utilize water for producing electric power.
A employ B embrace C emerge D emphasize
15 Your reasons for refusing to help are quite vague.
A obvious B typical C imprecise D unreasonable
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Choosing a Topic for Research
Because you are going to put a lot of your time and energy into your research project(项目), the topic is especially important. In many instances your instructor may give a specific(特殊的)topic. If this is done, you have little choice, but most instructors will permit or even welcome a slightly changed focus(中心)in a topic if it is supported by good thinking.
In some of your classes, the instructor may present a suggested list of several topics from which you are to make a choice. If this is done, do not simply select the first idea that attracts your attention. It may be one with which you will soon become bored, or it may be one on which you would have difficulty finding all the necessary information. Looking at the topics, try to consider how you might go about developing each of them. When you find out what seems especially interesting and worthwhile(值得骄傲的), do a bit checking in the library to see if you can get the basic resources you will need.
Choosing a good research topic does not necessarily mean finding something that has a lot written about it. Many times you will have to research around a topic in order to find out the most useful information. Exciting and original topics often come to mind by combining two completely different interests. Let us say that you are interested in child psychology(心理学的)and in sports. Perhaps you can combine these into a study of the effect that is watching(可得到的)on the subject, you can research the topic individually and, by putting your information together, then draw a conclusion.
16 Choosing a topic for research is important in that you will put a great deal of time and energy into it.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 All instructors will allow somewhat changed focus in the original topic.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 If all the topics are interesting, you are advised to choose the one that has necessary information and is easy to get the basic resources you will need in the library.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 Choosing a good research topic certainly refers to finding something that has a lot written about it.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 An exciting and original topic must be any two interests combined.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 You can research the topic by cooperating with others.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 The passage is most likely written for researchers.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Role of Governments
1 Governments determine the legal framework that sets the basic meets for the ownership of property and the operation of markets. In addition governments at all levels regulate economic behavior, setting detailed rules for the operation of businesses. Such regulations apply to all businesses;examples include laws against fraud and racial discrimination.
2 Governments buy and produce many goods and services, such as defense, education, parks, and roads, which they provide for firms and households. They typically buy computers but write programs they need to operate them. Governments also produce and sell goods. In many countries the phone company is governmentowned, like the electric system.
3 Governments also make transfer payments, such as Social Security and unemployment benefits to individuals. Transfer payments are payments for which no current economic goods or service is provided in return and therefore do not represent expenditure(支出)for the purchase of final products. A firefighter’s salary is not a transfer payment, but welfare benefits are.
4 Governments pay for the goods they buy and for the transfer payments they make mostly by collecting taxes, including personal income taxes, property taxes, social insurance taxes, and sales taxes. Over 60% of the government revenue in the U. S. is collected by the federal government. This does not include taxes collected by state and city governments.
5 Every market economy suffers from business cycles. Governments, through their control of taxes and government spending and through their ability to control the quantity of money, often attempt to modify fluctuations(波动) in the business cycle. For instance, the government may reduce taxes in a recession(萧条)in the hope that people will increase spending and thus raise the GNP.
23 Paragraph 2
24 Paragraph 3
25 Paragraph 4
26 Paragraph 5
A Collecting Taxes
B Making Transfer Payments
C Making Laws and Regulations
D Buying and Selling Goods and Services
E Stabilizing the Economy
F Controlling the Market
27 Governments regulate economic behavior, and the regulations .
28 Besides buying and producing services, governments also .
29 The government revenue in the U. S. is collected by the federal government and .
30 The government may reduce taxes in a recession in order to .
A apply to all businesses
B raise the GNP
C state and city government
D reduce spending
E modify fluctuations in the business cycle
F produce and sell goods
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇 Endangered Species
Endangered species are plants and animals that are in immediate danger of extinction. Extinction is actually a normal process in the course of evolution. Since the formation of the earth, many more species have become extinct than those exist today. These species slowly disappeared because of change of climate and their failure to adapt to such conditions as competition and predation(捕食). Since the 1600s, however, the process of extinction has greatly accelerated as a result of both human population growth and technological encroachment (侵犯)on natural ecology systems. Today the majority of the world’s environments are changing faster than the ability of most species to adapt to such changes through natural selection.
Species become extinct or endangered for number of reasons, but the primary cause is the destruction of natural habitats(栖息地). Drainage of wetlands(沼泽地), cutting and clearing of forests, growth of cities, and highway and dam construction have seriously reduced available natural habitats. As the various surroundings become fragments, the remaining animal population crowd into smaller areas, causing further destruction of natural surroundings. Species in these small “islands” lose contact with other populations of their extinction.
Some private and government efforts have been organized to save declining species. Laws were made in some countries in the early 1900s to protect wild animals from commercial trade and killing. International endeavors are shown in the convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, approved by 51 nations. Its purpose is to restrict exploitation of wild animals and plants by regulating and restricting trade in certain species. How effective such laws will be in various countries, however, depends on enforcement(实施)and support by the people and the courts. Because of lack of law enforcement, the willingness of some segments of society to trade in endangered species, the activities of people who catch and kill animals illegally and dealers who supply the trade, the future of many species is in doubt in spite of legal protection.
31 According to the passage, which of the following is the most important factor causing the rapid extinction of many species since the 17th century?
A Human beings are not aware of the importance of preserving endangered species.
B Some endangered species have already reached the end of their life span in evolution.
C The development of human society has greatly affected natural ecology systems.
D The world’s climate has changed greatly that most species cannot survive.
32 In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the word “islands” refers to
A the lands that are completely surrounded by water.
B the wild animals’ breeding grounds protected by law.
C the pieces of land separated by modern buildings and roads.
D the small and isolated areas inhabited by certain species.
33 This passage mentions all of the following causes for the extinction of many species EXCEPT
A natural selection of species.
B various natural disasters.
C commercial trade and killing.
D destruction of natural surroundings.
34 According to the passage, which of the following is most important in saving declining species?
A Governments should make some laws to protect endangered species.
B People should pay more attention to the protection of natural surroundings.
C Relevant law must be made and enforced with the support of the people.
D Some organizations should warn people not to trade in endangered animals.
35 How does the author feel about the prospect of protecting endangered species from being extinct?
A Worried.
B Optimistic.
C Indifferent.
D Confident.
第二篇 Light Night, Dark Stars
Thousands of people around the globe step outside to gaze at their night sky. On a clear night, with no clouds, moonlight, or artificial lights to block the view, people can see more than 14,000 stars in the sky, says Dennis Ward, an astronomer with the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) in Boulder, Colo. But when people are surrounded by city lights, he says, they're lucky to see 150 stars.
If you've ever driven toward a big city at night and seen its glow from a great distance, you've witnessed light pollution. It occurs when light from streetlights, office buildings, signs, and other sources streams into space and illuminates the night sky. This haze of light makes many stars invisible to people on Earth. Even at night, big cities like New York glow from light pollution, making stargazing difficult.
Dust and particles of pollution from factories and industries worsen the effects of light pollution. "If one city has a lot more light pollution than another," Ward says, "that city will suffer the effects of light pollution on a much greater scale."
Hazy skies also make it far more difficult for astronomers to do their jobs.
Cities are getting larger. Suburbs are growing in once dark, rural areas. Light from all this
new development is increasingly obscuring the faint light given off by distant stars. And if scientists
can't locate these objects, they can't learn more about them.
Light pollution doesn't only affect star visibility. It can harm wildlife too. It's clear that artificial light can attract animals, making them go off course. There's increasing evidence, for example, that migrating birds use sunsets and sunrises to help find their way, says Sydney Gauthreaux Jr. , a scientist at Clemson University in South Carolina. "When light occurs at night," he says, "it has a very disruptive influence." Sometimes birds fly into lighted towers, high-rises, and cables from radio and television towers. Experts estimate that millions of birds die this way every year.
A Human beings are not aware of the importance of preserving endangered species.
B Some endangered species have already reached the end of their life span in evolution.
C The development of human society has greatly affected natural ecology systems.
D The world’s climate has changed greatly that most species cannot survive.
32 In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the word “islands” refers to
A the lands that are completely surrounded by water.
B the wild animals’ breeding grounds protected by law.
C the pieces of land separated by modern buildings and roads.
D the small and isolated areas inhabited by certain species.
33 This passage mentions all of the following causes for the extinction of many species EXCEPT
A natural selection of species.
B various natural disasters.
C commercial trade and killing.
D destruction of natural surroundings.
34 According to the passage, which of the following is most important in saving declining species?
A Governments should make some laws to protect endangered species.
B People should pay more attention to the protection of natural surroundings.
C Relevant law must be made and enforced with the support of the people.
D Some organizations should warn people not to trade in endangered animals.
35 How does the author feel about the prospect of protecting endangered species from being extinct?
A Worried.
B Optimistic.
C Indifferent.
D Confident.
第二篇 Light Night, Dark Stars
Thousands of people around the globe step outside to gaze at their night sky. On a clear night, with no clouds, moonlight, or artificial lights to block the view, people can see more than 14,000 stars in the sky, says Dennis Ward, an astronomer with the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) in Boulder, Colo. But when people are surrounded by city lights, he says, they're lucky to see 150 stars.
If you've ever driven toward a big city at night and seen its glow from a great distance, you've witnessed light pollution. It occurs when light from streetlights, office buildings, signs, and other sources streams into space and illuminates the night sky. This haze of light makes many stars invisible to people on Earth. Even at night, big cities like New York glow from light pollution, making stargazing difficult.
Dust and particles of pollution from factories and industries worsen the effects of light pollution. "If one city has a lot more light pollution than another," Ward says, "that city will suffer the effects of light pollution on a much greater scale."
Hazy skies also make it far more difficult for astronomers to do their jobs.
Cities are getting larger. Suburbs are growing in once dark, rural areas. Light from all this
new development is increasingly obscuring the faint light given off by distant stars. And if scientists
can't locate these objects, they can't learn more about them.
Light pollution doesn't only affect star visibility. It can harm wildlife too. It's clear that artificial light can attract animals, making them go off course. There's increasing evidence, for example, that migrating birds use sunsets and sunrises to help find their way, says Sydney Gauthreaux Jr. , a scientist at Clemson University in South Carolina. "When light occurs at night," he says, "it has a very disruptive influence." Sometimes birds fly into lighted towers, high-rises, and cables from radio and television towers. Experts estimate that millions of birds die this way every year.
41. Backpacks are convenient because
A they can be very large.
B they can hold as many things as you want to carry.
C your hands are freed to do other things.
D you do not have to carry things with you.
42. What is the most important feature of the backpack invented by Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues?
A It produces electricity for electronic devisees while the wearer walks.
B It can be used as cell phones, GPS in the military actions or field studies.
C It is small and convenient.
D It is light and easy to carry.
43. The word "springs" in Paragraph 3 means
A a small stream of water flowing naturally from the earth.
B the season of the year, occurring between winter and summer.
C the act or an instance of jumping or leaping.
D a length of metal wound around, which returns to its original shape after being pushed.
44. According to Paragraph 4, what does Rome plan to do?
A To make the backpack more comfortable for the wearer.
B To put the backpack on the market.
C To test the advantage of the backpack.
D To promote the backpack in a newspaper or on television.
45. What is implied in "if you do gut one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before
crossing the street!"?
A You will Be too excited to watch the traffic.
B Enjoying electronic devices while walking may invite traffic accidents.
C It is not possible for you to get such a backpaek.
D It is wise of you to have such a backpack.
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Why Study Mathematics
There’s something else you shouldn’t forget. There are lots of times when more math would help you in your everyday affairs.
No long ago a man in Milwaukee was arrested for speeding. The policeman, who had been stationing at a street corner, didn’t check the speed on the man’s motorcycle, but just guessed at it. 46 .
The man said that he had stopped his car at the traffic light on the corner where the policeman was stationed. 47 . The driver then proved mathematically that no car could have picked up speed fast enough to be exceeding the limit at the spot where he was arrested. The judge let him off. 48 . You may be the kind of person who needs to know something about advanced math to get the most out of life. Some people go on from day to day, having a good time and not caring much about anything else. 49 .
They’re interested in life, and other people, and what makes things happen the way they do. 50 .
If you’re that kind of person, you almost have to learn something about the more advanced branch of math. There will be no other way to understand the things you become curious about.
A The policeman admitted this
B But many people aren’t content to live that way
C They are curious about things
D But there’s one more reason why you should study math now
E The man admitted this
F The man and the policeman went before a judge in the police court
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Avalanche and Its Safety
An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, oftn mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. Avalanches are 51 the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.
All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope 52 supports it. Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is 53 to cause an avalanche, 54 a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.
Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low 55 of avalanche. Snow does not 56 significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not 57 easily on flat slopes. Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow's angle of rest is 58 35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. The rule of thumb is: A slope that is 59 enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle. Additionally, avalanche risk increases with 60 ; that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.
Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe. Good avalanche safety is a continuous 61 , including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather 62 , and human factors. Several well-known good habits can also 63 the risk. If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid 64 to. Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made. Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are 65 or damaged. Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.
51. A among B of C to D in
52. A when B that C who D whose
53. A mostly B likely C clearly D surely
54. A are B will be C is D was
55. A weight B form C risk D work
56. A fall B flow C roll D gather
57. A fall B flow C roll D gather
58. A among B between C with D for
59. A thick B thin C flat D rocky
60. A use B time C snow D rain
61. A journey B trip C fact D process
62. A conditions B reports C forecast D event
63. A increase B reduce C improve D remove
64. A price B effort C attention D money
65. A missing B grown C big D fresh
1 B 2 A 3 C 4 A5 D 6 A 7 A 8 D9 C 10 D 11 A 12 D13 D14 A 15 C
16 A17 B 18 A 19 B 20 B 21 C 22 A 23 D 24 B 25 A 26 E 27 A28 F29 C 30 B
31 C 32 C33 B 34 C 35 A 36 C 37 D 38 A 39B 40 C 41C 42 A 43D 44B 45B
46 F 47 A 48 D49 B 50 C 51 A 52 B 53 B 54 C 55 C 56 D 57 B 58B 59C 60A
61 D 62 A 63 B 64 C 65A
