下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 It doesn’t stand to reason that he would lie.
A seem logical B look pleasantC appear obvious D sound important
2 It is useless to argue with him once he has made up his mind.
A settled B solved C said D decided
3 I expect that she will be able to cater for your particular needs.
A supply B reach C provide D meet
4 It is impossible to prevent them from quarrelling.
A stop B allow C forbid D permit
5 The very fresh air will finally help her to resume her health.
A bring back B contribute C do harm D rebuild
6 Glassmaking was the first major industry in the United States.
A productive B profitable C specialized D sizable
7 Rose stood there until she finally lost sight of the train.
A couldn’t see B look C lose D can’t see
8 At the sports meet, athletes compete with each other for the gold medals.
A rival B attempt C contend D trick
9 It’s hard to alter one’s habits.
A change B develop C shorten D enlarge
10 A seismograph is a device designed to measure vibrations of the ground.
A element B telescope C vehicle D instrument
11 The U. S. was in 1850 a divided nation half slave and half free.
A allied B combined C united D separate
12 Don’t you think that’s an indicator of fine weather ?
A sign B signal C symbol D predicament
13 The new communication system is by no means a minute invention.
A small B accidental C significant D timely
14 I feel obligated to give my opinion on the subject.
A required B determined C encouraged D forbidden
15 The group ridiculed my suggestion.
A laugh at B accepted C disagreed with D discouraged
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Nobody Had Believed It Was Possible
In 1912, the Titanic hit an iceberg on its first trip across the Atlantic, and it sank four hours later. It was carrying 2207 people, but it had taken on enough lifeboats for only 1178 people. When the passengers tried to leave the ship, only 651 of them were able to get into lifeboats and 1502 people lost their lives.
Throughout the whole tragedy, the California was only ten miles away. Its officers were close enough to see the Titanic, but they did not understand the situation. They never received the Titanic’s call for help, and they did not come to the rescue until too late.
First of all, nobody had prepared for such a tragedy, nobody had believed that the Titanic could sink. The steamship company had thought that its ship would be completely safe in all situations. They had followed an old rule for the number of lifeboats, so they had supplied lifeboats for only half the people. And the passengers had not practised lifeboat drills before the accident and they did not believe they were in danger.
The ship had already received six ice warnings on its radio when it struck the iceberg. But it had not changed its direction or its speed. It was impossible to change direction quickly enough when the iceberg came in sight. When the Titanic hit the iceberg, the radio officer on the California had just gone to bed. He had tried to warn the officers on the Titanic about the ice before he went to bed, but the officers had not listened.
After this accident, ocean travel change. Now there are always enough lifeboats for everybody. Ships do not go so far north in winter, and they watch carefully for ice. Radio officers work 24 hours a day. A tragedy like the sinking of the Titanic should never happen again.
16 Over 1, 000 passengers were able to escape in lifeboats from the sinking Titanic.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 Throughout the whole tragedy, the California didn’t received the Titanic’s call for help.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 The Titanic has 1, 178 lifeboats for 2, 207 people but 1, 502 people lost their lives because many people did not know how to get into their lifeboats.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 The California didn’t come in time to save the passengers on the Titanic because its officers were not clear about what was happening on the Titanic.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 The ship might not have sunk if its radio officer had listened to the warning from the California.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 After the accident, ships are not allowed to travel into the north in winter to ensure safe ocean travel.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 A tragedy like the sinking of the Titanic never happened again.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
New Conceptions about Diet
1 Increasingly over the past ten years, people—especially young people—have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed foods, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods:foods which do not contain chemical additives(添加剂)and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers widely used in farming today.
2 Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount but not the quality of goods grown in commercial farming areas.
3 Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in a healthy environment. Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry:there are mechanized farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins.
4 There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually a nonessential food!In large quantities, it can actually be harmful, and it does seem to be addictive(上瘾的)：the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals and no fibre.
5 It is significant that nowadays fibre is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fibre has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis is placed on the eating of wholemeal(粗面粉)bread and more vegetables by modern experts on “healthy eating”.
23 Paragraph 2
24 Paragraph 3
25 Paragraph 4
26 Paragraph 5
A The Change in People’s Eating Habits
B The Foods Which Grow in Soil
C The Foods Which Were Fed
D The Importance of Fiber
E Today’s Various Kinds of Foods
F Other Aspects of Healthy Eating
27 People begin to change their eating habits because .
28 Farmers use chemicals and fertilizer in order to .
29 According to the passage, the writer of this article seems to be .
30 The purpose of this article is to .
A urge a change in our present diet
B interested in sweetened food
C worried about modern food
D increase the yields of their crops
E much of the food they eat is not good for health
F improve their working conditions
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇 How Americans See Themselves
Americans do not usually see themselves, when they are in the United States, as representatives of their country. They see themselves as individuals who are different from all other individuals, whether those others are Americans or foreigners. Americans may say they have no culture, since they often think of culture as an overlay of customs to be found only in other countries. Individual Americans may think they chose their own values, rather than having had their value forced on them by the society in which they were born. If you ask them to tell you something about “American culture”, they may be unable to answer and they may even deny that there is an “American culture”.
Because they think they are responsible as individuals for having chosen their basic values and their way of life, many Americans don’t like generalizations others make about them. Generalizations disturb Americans. They may be unhappy with the thought that they hold certain ideas and act in certain way simply because they were born and raised in the United States, and not because they had consciously thought about those ideas and ways of doing things and chosen the ones they preferred.
At the same time, Americans will readily generalize about various subgroups within their own country. Northerners have fixed views about Southerners, and vice versa(反之亦然). There are fixed views of people from the country and people from the city;people from the coasts and people from inland;people from the Midwest;minority ethnic groups;Texas;New Yorkers;Californians;and so on.
Therefore, Americans see few generalizations that can safely be made about them in part because they are “so individualistic” and in part because they think regional and other kinds of differences clearly distinguish Americans of various groups from each other.
31 Americans, when in the United States, see themselves as
A representatives of their country.
B people different from person to person.
C individuals much the same as foreigners.
D individuals that share the same values and way of life.
32 Americans may think that “American culture”
A does not really exist.
B is better than other cultures.
C is different from other cultures.
D is highly valued around the world.
33 Individual Americans may think that their values
A are based on their personal choices.
B are forced on them by the society in which they were born.
C can also be found in other cultures.
D should be recognized the world over.
34 Americans are disturbed by generalizations others make about them because
A different Americans have different sources of origin.
B not all Americans were born and raised in the U. S.
C American culture has not been thoroughly studied.
D they, as individuals, do not have the same ideas and ways of doing things.
35 Which of the following statements is true?
A Americans do not like to make generalizations about themselves on the basis of regional differences.
B Americans have fixed ideas about different people coming from different regions and areas within their own country.
C Americans think that they are equal to one another no matter where they were born.
D Americans are trying hard to iron out their regional differences.
第二篇 Hair Detectives
Scientists have found a way to use hair to figure out where a person is from and where that person has been. The finding could help solve crimes, among other useful applications.
Water is central to the new technique. Our bodies break water down into its parts: hydrogen and oxygen. Atoms of these two elements end up in our tissues and hair.
But not all water is the same. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms can vary in how much they weigh. Different forms of a single element are called isotopes. And depending on where you live, tap water contains unique proportions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.
Might hair record these watery quirks? That's what James R. Ehleringer, an environmental scientist at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, wondered.
To find out, he and his colleagues collected hair from barbers and hair stylists in 65 cities in 18 states across the United States. The researchers assumed that the hair they collected came from people who lived in the area.
Even though people drink a lot of bottled water these days, the scientists found that hair overwhelmingly reflected the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in local tap water. That's probably because people usually cook their food in the local water. What's more, most of the other liquids people drink including milk and soft drinks contain large amounts of water that also come from sources within their region.
Scientists already knew how the composition of water varies throughout the country. Ehleringer and colleagues combined that information with their results to predict the composition of hair in people from different regions. One hair sample used in Ehleringer's study came from a man who had recently moved from Beijing, China, to Salt Lake City. As his hair grew, it reflected his change in location.
The new technique can't point to exactly where a person is from, because similar types of water appear in different regions that span a broad area. But authorities can now use the information to analyze hair samples from criminals or crime victims and narrow their search for clues.
36. What does the writer say about tap water? Which of the following is NOT correct?
A Tap water reflects the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in different regions.
B Tap water is a kind of soft drink in the United States.
C Tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.
D Tap water is used to cook food.
37. James R. Ehleringer tried to find out
A if our bodies break water down into its parts.
B if it is possible to collect hair samples across the country.
C if tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.
D if the composition of hair can indicate exactly where people are from.
38. Which of the following statements is meant by the writer?
A Ehleringer was successful in his research.
B Ehleringer failed in his research.
C Ehleringer can be a successful detective.
D Ehleringer's research proved successful in China.
39. What does the last paragraph tell you?
A The new technique can tell precisely where a person lives.
B Water supplied in different regions all come from the same source.
C Types of water used in different regions provide useful information for the police.
D Hair samples provide the most important clues to identify crimes.
40. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the title?
A Human hair may help detectives to solve crimes.
B Animal hair may help detectives to solve crimes.
C Detectives watch hairy criminals closely.
D Most detectives are hair specialists.
第三篇 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles
The Ford motor company’s abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of the road for the technology, analysts say.
General Motors and Honda ceased production of battery-powered cars in 1999, to focus on fuel cell and hybrid electric gasoline engines, which are more attractive to the consumer. Ford has now announced it will do the same.
Three years ago, the company introduced the Think City two-seater car and a golf cart called the THINK, or Think neighbor. It hoped to sell 5,000 cars each year and 10,000 carts. But a lack of demand means only about 1,000 of the cars have been produced, and less than 1,700 carts have been sold so far in 2002.
“The bottom line is we don’t believe that this is the future of environment transport for the mass market,” Tim Holmes of Ford Europe said on Friday. “We feel we have given electric our best shot.”
The Think City has a range of only about 53 miles and up to a six-hour battery recharge time General Motor’s EVI electric vehicle also had a limited range, of about 100 miles.
The very expensive batteries also mean electric cars cost much more than petrol-powered alternatives. An electric Toyota RAV4 EV vehicle costs over $42,000 in the US, compared with just $17,000 for the petrol version. Toyota and Nissan are now the only major auto manufacturers to produce electric vehicles.
“There is a feeling that battery electric has been given its chance. Ford now has to move on with its hybrid program, and that is what we will be judging them on,” Roger Higman, a senior transport campaigner at UK Friends of the Earth, told the Environment News Service.
Hybrid cars introduced by Toyota and Honda in the past few years have sold well. Hybrid engines offer greater mileage than petrol-only engines, and the batteries recharge themselves. Ford says it thinks such vehicles will help it meet planned new guidelines on vehicle emissions in the US.
However, it is not yet clear exactly what those guidelines will permit. In June, General Motors and Daimler Chrysler won a court injunction, delaying by two years Californian legislation requiring car-makers to offer 100,000 zero-emission and other low-emission vehicles in the state by 2003. Car manufactures hope the legislation will be rewritten to allow for more low-emission, rather than zero-emission, vehicles.
41.what have the Ford motor company, General Motor’s and Honda done concerning electric cars?
A. They have started to produce electric cars.
B. They have done extensive research on electric cars.
C. They have given up producing electric cars.
D. They have produced thousands of electric cars.
42.According to Tim Holmes of Ford Europe, battery-powered cars
A. Will be the main transportation vehicles in the future.
B. Will not be the main transportation vehicles in the future.
C. Will be good to the environment in the future.
D. Will replace petrol-powered vehicles in the future.
43.Which auto manufactures are still producing electric vehicles?
A. Toyota and Nissan.
B. General Motor’s and Honda.
C. Ford and Toyota.
D. Honda and Toyota.
44.According to the eighth paragraph, hybrid cars
A. offer fewer mileage than petrol driven cars.
B. run faster than petrol driven cars.
C. run more miles than petrol driven cars.
D. offer more batteries than petrol driven cars.
45.Which of the following is true about the hope of car manufacturers according to the last paragraph?
A. Low-emission cars should be banned.
B. Only zero-emission cars are allowed to run on motorways.
C. The legislation will encourage car makers to produce more electric cars.
D. The legislation will allow more low-emission to produced.
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Fire-Fighting Fabric
Each year thousands of people worldwide are killed or seriously injured by fires started in mattresses. 46 . To help prevent fires in crowded public spaces, E. I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co. recently invented a fireresistant fabric(防火织物). The company claims that this fabric significantly reduces the combustibility(易燃性) of mattresses and upholstered(装有套子或垫子的)furniture. In tests conducted by a Boston-based hotel chain, the material has proved very efficient in preventing or delaying the combustion of mattresses and furniture after fires have been started. 47 . California and several other states are considering new regulations that would require the use of fire-resistant furniture in public places (defined as area where 10 or more people gather). 48 . American laws require hotels to buy fire-resistant mattress covers, though covers made of fiber glass(纤维玻璃) and cotton do exist and are used by some companies. 49 .
The Du Pont fabric will sell for less than $5 a yard and it is believed that the market will develop over the next two years. 50 .
A The development of the material is timely
B And last year, England passed a law requiring that all furniture contain fineresistant material
C The company expects that the competition will be very strong in the market because right now, its product is just one option
D And there are some expects
E Often the fires occur in hotels, and are caused by people smoking in bed
F However, the cotton covers wash out over time and the fiber glass is not very comfortable
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Avalanche and Its Safety
An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. Avalanches are 51 the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.
All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope 52 supports it. Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is 53 to cause an avalanche, 54 a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.
Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low 55 of avalanche. Snow does not 56 significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not 57 easily on flat slopes. Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow's angle of rest is 58 35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. The rule of thumb is: A slope that is 59 enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle. Additionally, avalanche risk increases with 60 ; that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.
Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe. Good avalanche safety is a continuous 61 , including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather 62 , and human factors. Several well-known good habits can also 63 the risk. If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid 64 to. Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made. Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are 65 or damaged. Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.
51. A among B of C to D in
52. A when B that C who D whose
53. A mostly B likely C clearly D surely
54. A are B will be C is D was
55. A weight B form C risk D work
56. A fall B flow C roll D gather
57. A fall B flow C roll D gather
58. A among B between C with D for
59. A thick B thin C flat D rocky
60. A use B time C snow D rain
61. A journey B trip C fact D process
62. A conditions B reports C forecast D event
63. A increase B reduce C improve D remove
64. A price B effort C attention D money
65. A missing B grown C big D fresh
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试理工类(C级)模拟试题(二)参考答案
1 A 2 D 3 D 4 A 5 A 6 D 7 A 8 A 9 A 10 D 11 D 12 A 13 A 14 A 15 A
16 B 17 A 18 A 19 A 20 A 21 B 22 C 23 B 24 C 25 F 26 D 27 E 28 D 29 C 30 A
31 B 32 A 33 A 34 D 35 B 36 B 37 C 38 A 39 C 40 A 41 C 42 B 43 A 44 C 45 D
46 E 47 A 48 B 49 F 50 C 51 A 52 B 53 B 54 C 55 C 56 D 57 B 58 B 59 C 60 A
61 D 62 A 63 B 64 C 65 A
