第一部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 The ability to react to environmental stimuli is a basic and general characteristic of living organisms.
A reject
B repeat
C return to
D respond to
2 All living organisms, regardless of their unique identity, have certain biological, chemical, and physical characteristics in common.
A as a result of
B considering
C cognizant of
D whatever
3 After Emily Dickinson retreated from the world at the age of twenty-six, she wrote more than one thousand poems.
A received praise from
B withdrew from
C rebelled against
D traveled around
4 Thomas Fuller was so skilled at mathematics that he was known in the eighteenth century as the “Virginia Calculator. ”
A fascinated by
B articulate about
C proficient in
D suspicious of
5 Didn't you know that the naughty girl used to skip classes?
A attend classes in time
B miss classes
C cheat in classes
D be unhappy about classes
6 Marxism doctrine was spelled out in the Communist Manifesto.
A evaluated
B detailed
C supported
D mentioned
7 The megaphone makes the voice sound louder because it points sound waves in one direction and keeps them from spreading out in all directions.
A slithering
B radiating
C interfering
D murmuring
8 The exploits of the legendary miner, John Henry, have come to symbolize the manual laborer stand against mechanization.
A contrast with
B interaction with
C ignorance of
D defiance of
9 In arithmetic, a number stands for the size of a set of things.
A measures
B estimates
C cancels
D represents
10 Some species of bacteria and fungi thrive on simple compounds such as alcohol.
A mix with
B do well on
C exist in
D float on
11 Why do you want to throw away those books?
A imitate
B discuss
C extract
D discard
12 The Pullman Strike of 1894 tied up transportation and was finally ended only by government intervention.
A relied upon
B hindered
C linked with
D imitated
13 Although a herd of African elephants may have up to one thousand members, Asiatic elephants live in bands of five to sixty animals.
A as many as
B more than
C fewer than
D at least
14 Prohibition in the United States ushered in an era of crime and corruption.
A introduced
B caused
C used
D upset
15 The Spanish, French, Dutch, and English all vied for North American territory.
A arrived on
B competed for
C disposed of
D sailed for
