下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 I am lucky that I am interested in school work, otherwise I would go mad.
A other B for else C or D else
2 Argument among the speakers at the conference is focused on violence.
A confined B combined C centered D contributed
3 Slavery was abolished in America in the 19th century.
A postponed B completed C accomplished D eliminated
4 We were grateful to the help he gave us when we moved to our new house.
A thanked B appreciated C obliged D allocated
5 There was a shortage of water in the area two months ago on account of hot weather.
A by way of B in spite of C because of D by means of
6 These figures do not take into account the changes that have taken place in recent years.
A consider B call C catch D cancel
7 Did you do that to irritate her?
A tease B attract C annoy D protect
8 The officer was accused of brutal treatment of prisoners of war.
A fortunate B possible C cruel D deep
9 The old lady let her flat to an English couple.
A offered B rented C provided D sold
10 Though friends for many years, the two lawyers ended up as enemies.
A turned out B gave in to C got rid of D put an end at
11 Peter was an energetic and athletic youth.
A alert B awkward C active D skillful
12 She started to clean the kitchen.
A began B stopped C continued D kept
13 The nursery is bright and cheerful.
A pleasant B colorful C fashionable D different
14 He is but a child.
A probably B not C only D hardly
15 The price of vegetables varies according to the weather.
A jumps B rises C falls D differs
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Lifetime Employment in Japanese Companies
In most large Japanese companies, there is a policy of lifetime employment. What this means is that when people leave school or university to join an enterprise, they can expect or remain with that organization until they retire. In effect, the employee gets job security for life, and can only be fired for serious mistakes in work. Even in times of business recession, he or she is free from the fear of being laid off.
One result of this practice is that the Japanese worker identifies closely with his company and feels strong loyalty to it. By working hard for the company, he believes he is safeguarding his own future. It is not surprising that devotion to one’s company is considered a great virtue in Japan. A man is often prepared to put his firm’s interests before those of his immediate family.
The job security guaranteed by this system influences the way employees approach their work. They tend to think in terms of what they can achieve throughout their career. This is because they are not judged on how they are performing during a short period of time. They can afford to take a longer perspective than their western counterparts.
This marriage between the employee and the company—the consequence of lifetime employment—may explain why Japanese workers seem positively to love the products their company is producing and why they are willing to stay on after work, for little overtime pay, to participate in earnest discussions about the quality control of their products.
16 Lifetime employment in the Japanese company perhaps means that the employee can make serious mistakes in work.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 Family’s and company’s interests are equally important in Japanese company.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 In Japan one’s future is guaranteed through hard work.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 Lifetime employment influences one’s career options.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 The Japanese worker is fond of his company’s product because of the close link between him and his company.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 The Japanese company’s products are all have high quality and lower price.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 The passage mainly discusses how lifetime employment is viewed.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1) 第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2) 第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
American Families
1 Despite social and economic differences among Americans, many American families have certain characteristics in common. Both the husband and wife were born in the United States, and their forefathers came from Europe. They have completed high school, and they belong to the middle class. They have a car, a television set, a washing machine, a refrigerator, a telephone, etc. They own their own home and spend about 55% of their income for housing and food. Clothing accounts for almost 10% of their income, medical care 6%, transportation 8% and taxes 15%. The rest of their income is used for such items as insurance, savings, gifts, and recreation.
2 Most families consist of a mother, a father, and, at most, two children living at home. There may be relatives—grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins living in the same community, but American families usually maintain separate households. This family structure is known as the “nuclear family”. It is unusual for members of the family other than the husband, wife, and children to live together.
3 Marriage in the United States is considered a matter of individual responsibility and decision. Young people frequently fall in love and marry even if their parents disagree. American marriages are usually based on romantic love, rather than on social class, education, or religion.
4 After their marriage the young couple is free to decide where to live and when to start a family. Most young couples set up their own household immediately. In the early 1970s only 15% of all married couples were not living on their own—independently and by themselves. Most married people practise some kind of birth control. They plan the number of children they are going to have and when their children will be born. The practice of limiting the size of families has general approval. The birth rate has been declining steadily in recent years.
23 Paragraph 1
24 Paragraph 2
25 Paragraph 3
26 Paragraph 4
A Post-marriage Life
B The Birth Rate in the Early 1970s
C Usual Family Structure of American Families
D Features in Common in Many American Families
E Marriage Concept in USA
F In Marriages Usually Romantic Love Is as Important as Social Class, Education, or Religion
27 There are among many American families.
28 Young Americans make on marriage.
29 Most married couple don’t .
30 The birth rate over the last few years.
A live with their parents
B their own decisions
C most American families are usually small
D the family structure
E some similar features
F has been dropping
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇 Chewing Gum
The practice of chewing gum(口香糖)has been with us for more than a century. Millions of people all over the world chew billions of pieces of gum every year.
Chewing gum became popular in the United States mainly because of the work of one man, William Wrigley, who for many years was head of the Wrigley Company. Earlier, Thomas Adams first began to experiment with chewing gum in about the year 1870. It was he who first made gum softer and pleasant to chew. But it was not until Wrigley entered the business in about 1890 that people everywhere began to learn about chewing gum and to use it widely.
Wrigley liked to do things in a big way. In this first year, he borrowed money and spent more than a million dollars on advertising(做广告). For years, there was a large Wrigley’s advertisement in every streetcar(有轨电车)in the United States. People complained that they could not go anywhere without seeing Wrigley’s name. Wrigley even sent, free of charge, pieces of gum to every person in the telephone book of every city and town in the United States. Finally, he began to advertise that it was good for the health to chew gum and that it helped to keep the teeth clean.
He used to send free gum to every child in the United States on their second birthday. He employed young women who, in beautiful dresses, would go from city to city in groups of four or five, stand on street corners, and give free chewing gum to every person who passed by. In this way, each woman gave away about five thousand pieces of Wrigley’s gum every day. As a result of this continuous advertising, people in the United States naturally began to buy more and more chewing gum.
31 Who first started to experiment with chewing gum?
A William Wrigley.
B Thomas Adams.
C Children.
D Women.
32 William Wrigley spent more than a million dollars in advertising his chewing gum because
A he was a millionaire.
B he liked to do things in a big way.
C he hoped to improve his health.
D he wanted to head the company.
33 Which of the following is NOT true of Wrigley’s advertising?
A He used his name to advertise chewing gum in every streetcar in the U. S.
B He sent free gum to every person in the telephone book of every city in the U. S.
C He sent free gum to every pretty woman in the U. S.
D He sent free gum to every child in the U. S. on his second birthday.
34 In the last paragraph, the phrase “give away” is closest in meaning to
A “eat up”.
B “get ready”.
C “destroy”.
D “give something to someone free of charge”.
35 According to the passage, people in the U. S. began to chew more and more gum mainly because of
A Wrigley’s continuous advertising.
B its strange taste.
C their bad teeth.
D its pleasant flavour.
第二篇 Listening to Birdsong
A male zebra finch chirps away to himself. Suddenly he notices a female bird, nearby: He realizes he has an audience and immediately changes his song. Can the female tell the difference in his performance? According to a new study, the female zebra finch knows. And she prefers the special trills he creates when he sings to her. A male zebra finch changes his song when singing to a female in ways that people can barely detect. But the female finch can tell the difference.
Scientists had noticed slight variations in the songs of male zebra finches based on whether they were singing alone or whether there was a female ( and potential mate) nearby. With an audience, the males sped up the pace of their songs and controlled the notes they used.
For this Study, researchers Sarah C. Woolley and Allison Doupe at the University of California, San Francisco decided to focus attention on the listening females, which have not been
well studied in the past.
In the study, Woolley and Doupe set up a long cage with a sound speaker at each end. One broadcast the sound of a male zebra finch singing to himself, like someone singing in the shower. The other speaker broadcast a male performing for a female audience, as if he was giving a concert.
Female birds were placed between the two speakers. Some of the birds had mates, others didn't. The females shifted around a bit, and then most of them hopped over to sit beside just one speaker. All the birds that made a clear choice liked songs meant for a female audience, even if they'd never met the male.
Mated females also had a chance to listen to two different performance songs, one from an unknown male, and one from their mate. They spent more time listening, to the concert version of their mates' songs. This suggests that after a while, females learn to recognize--and prefer—the songs of their mates.
Scientists then studied the brains of the females. They found certain areas of the brain perked up when the birds listened to the concert songs. These brain areas may be involved in recognizing and evaluating the songs, and storing the memories of them.
This research deals with what's called directed communication, when the communicator, or sender, focuses the message for a specific audience. One example is the way moms speak to their babies. Mothers around the world use the same sort of high-pitched sing-song chatter, and the babies respond best to those sounds. Songbirds are one of the only other species known to learn their communication, in this case their songs.
36. What does the first paragraph say about zebra finches?
A Male zebra finches like to sing to female zebra finches.
B Male zebra finches sing louder than female zebra finches.
C Male zebra finches change their songs in female zebra finches’ presence.
D Male zebra finches like to listen to female zebra finches sing.
37. What did the researchers find in their study of female zebra finches?
A Female finches liked songs male finches sang for them.
B Female finches only liked songs male finches sang for their mates.
C Female finches liked to listen to songs from both speakers.
D Female finches chose the best male singers as their mates.
38. What is meant by "concert songs" in the seventh paragraph?
A Songs sung by zebra finches at a concert.
B Songs sung by male finches for female finches.
C Songs sung by female finches for male finches.
D Songs sung by male finches to many female finches.
39. What is NOT tree of directed communication?
A The sender of a message has a specific audience.
B Male zebra finches sing to female finches.
C Mothers talk to their babies.
D Male zebra finches sing to themselves.
40. Which of the following can best reflect the theme of the passage?
A Chirping away.
B Birdsongs as communication.
C Zebra finches and their life.
D Enjoying birdsongs.
第三篇 "Hidden" Species May Be Surprisingly Common
Cryptic species — animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant — may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management, to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.
Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Markus Pfenninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt1, Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branches of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.
Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles, and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. “Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality be many different Cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered," says Pfenninger. Until the genetic information of all species in at least one taxon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist, "It could be as high as 30%, Pfenninger says.
"I'm extremely surprised by their results," says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph2 in Ontario3, Canada. "It's a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing. "
Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete. work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonomic groups is completed, Pfenninger says researchers will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom.
Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant. A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding species, the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation union (WCU)1.
The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise. They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant consequences.
In the early 1900s misidentification of mosquito species based on morphology confused: attempts to control malaria in Europe. Ultimately, what was thought to be a single species was actually made up of six sibling species, only three of which transmitted the disease. "The basic unit in biology is always the species, and you have to know what you are dealing with," Pfenninger says. Much previous research is now no longer used, he Says, because it is not clear what species was being studied.
41. Which of the following about the significance of the research on cryptic species is NOT true?
A The results of the research can help the development of many other research areas.
B The results of the research can help the development of biodiversity estimates.
C The results of the research can help our understanding of infectious disease evolution.
D The results of the research can help our understanding of "survival of the fittest. "
42. What was scientists' understanding of cryptic species?
A They occurred in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.
B They were mostly found in insects and reptiles.
C They were likely to be in tropical rather than temperate regions.
D Both Band C.
43. Do scientists know how many cryptic species exist?
A Not yet.
B Yes, they do.
C They will know the answer in another one or two-years.
D They will never know the answer.
44. Which of the following about the African bush elephant and the African elephant is true?
A The WCU are interbreeding those elephants.
B They are interbreeding species.
C They are two genetically distant species.
D They depend on each other for survival.
45. People were confused in their attempts to control malaria in Europe in the early 1900s. because scientists
A identified only one mosquito species instead of six species.
B thought only three mosquito species transmitted disease.
C thought there was only one mosquito species.
D did not know what species was being studied.
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Comparative Labor Costs
46 . Together, they constitute the unit labor cost involved in producing a commodity.
Some countries may find that the labor wages are very low, yet they are not in a competitive position when trading with other countries, whose labor wages are very high.
47 . On the other hand, some countries find that their productivity is much higher than that of their trading partners, yet they are not in a competitive trading position either. This is because their labor wages are much higher than those of their trading partners. 48 . For instance, wages are low in most developing countries. 49 . Their productivity is low too. Success depends on the unit labor cost of the products in certain industries, such as radio production and television set assembling, unit labor cost may be low, and thus they would be in a competitive position, while in others, low labor wages are offset(抵消) by very low productivity. Their unit labor cost is high and they are in an unfavorable position in trading with other countries.
Unit labor cost is an important determinant of prices of manufactures goods, but other costs also influence prices:notably, those of capital, energy, and raw materials. 50 .
A Moreover, a country’s competitive position is not solely determined by price salesmanship(销售术)，credit terms, adherence to delivery schedules and so on also affect competitiveness
B At least two factors determine a country’s comparative position:labor productivity and wage level
C So it is the unit labor cost which determines the competitive position, but not only low wages or only high productivity
D This may be because they neglect their low productivity
E Does this mean that these countries are in a favorable position in trade?It is not necessarily so
F Generally speaking, all the countries are paying more and more attention to their wage levels
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Cell Phone Lets Your Secret Out
Your cell phone holds secrets about you. Besides the names and 51 that you've programmed into it, traces of your DNA linger on the device, according to a new study.
DNA is genetic material that 52 in every cell. Like your fingerprint, your DNA is unique to you-- 53 you have an identical twin. Scientists today routinely analyze DNA in blood, saliva, or hair left 54 at the scene of a crime. The results often help detectives identify 55 and their victims. Your cell phone can reveal more about you 56 you might think.
Meghan J. McFadden, a scientist at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bled onto a cell phone and later dropped the 57 This made her wonder whether traces of DNA lingered on cell phones--even when no blood was involved. 58 she and colleague Margaret Wallace of the City University of New York analyzed the flip-open phones of 10 volunteers. They used swabs to collect 59 traces of the users from two parts of the phone: the outside, where the user holds it, and the 60 , which is placed at the user's ear.
The scientists scrubbed the phones using a solution made mostly 61 alcohol. The aim of washing was to remove all detectable traces of DNA. The owners got ,Heir phones 62 for another week. Then the researchers collected the phones and repeated the swabbing of each phone once more.
The scientists discovered DNA that 63 to the phone's speaker on each of the phones. Better samples were collected from the outside of each phone, but those swabs also picked up DNA that belonged to other people who had apparently also handled the phone. 64 , DNA showed up even in swabs that were taken immediately after the phones were scrubbed. That suggests that washing won't remove all traces of evidence from a criminal's device. So cell phones can now be added to the 65 of clues that can clinch a crime-scene investigation.
51. A numbers B music C secrets D films
52. A appeals B appoint C appears D applies
53. A because B unless C although D still
54. A about B in C for D behind
55. A criminals B people C men D policemen
56. A when B until C before D than
57. A device B paper C file D document
58. A However B So C But D Nevertheless
59. A invisible B non-existent C visible D apparent
60. A card B keys C screen D speaker
61. A of B up C on D into
62. A upon B back C without D with
63. A was given B belonged C was owned D became
64. A Generally B Surprisingly C Disappointedly D Shortly
65. A explanation B discovery C book D list
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试理工类(A级)模拟试题(一)参考答案
1 C 2 C 3 D 4 B 5 C 6 A7 C 8 C 9 B 10 A 11 C 12 A 13 A14 C 15 D
16 B 17 B 18 A19 A 20 A 21 C 22 B 23 D 24 C 25 E 26 A 27 E 28 B 29 A 30 F
31 B 32 B 33 C 34 D 35 A 36 C 37 A 38 B 39 D 40 B 41 D 42 D 43 A 44 C 45 A
46 B 47 D 48 C 49 E 50 A 51 A 52 C 53 B 54 D 55 A 56 D 57 A 58 B 59 A 60 D
61 A 62 B 63 B 64 B 65 D
