第三讲 10 大功能段落—
第一段：[1.现象/现状说明段] [2.图画/图表描述段]
第二段：[3.对立观点陈诉段]（四，六级多用） [4.利弊说明段]
[5.意义阐述段] [6.原因列军段] [7.举例段]
第三段：[8.归纳结论段] [9.趋势预测段] [10 建议措施段]）
第一部分 图画作文 （四篇）
1. 关于爱心 （01 年真题）
Love is a lamp
[1.现象/现状说明段] Love is of utmost importance to us humans. Everybody
not only needs love, but also should give others love. As can be seen from the
picture, "love is a lamp which is brighter in darker places. " This is indeed true.
People in darker places need more light than other people. Maybe even a dim
light can give them much hope for a better life. Maybe just a thread of light will
call forth their strength and courage to help them step out of their difficulties.
[7.举例段] I can think of no better illustration of this idea than the following
example(s).For instance when someone is starving to death, just a little food
and water from you may save his(her) life. Again, when a little girl in a poor
rural area drops out of school because of poverty, just a small sum of money
from you may support her to finish school and change her life. In these
case/circumstances you have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place
where light is most needed.
[8.归纳结论段] To sum up, we should offer our help to all the needed. We
expect to get love from others and we also give love to others. So when you
see someone in difficulty or in distress and in need of help, don't hesitate to
give your love to him (her). I believe that the relationship between people will
be harmonious and that our society will be a better place for us to live in.
2. 空气污染(隐形杀手)
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[2.图画/图表描述段] Pollution is becoming more and more serious all over
the world. As is shown in the cartoon, two cars are giving off waste gas and
three people are trying to avoid breathing in the poisonous gas by masking
their face with their hands. The poisonous gas sent off by factories, domestic
appliances and automobiles has made the air unhealthy for people to breathe.
[5.意义阐述段] There is no denying that automobiles are indications of
civilization, progress and development; nevertheless , automobiles cause the
serious problem of air pollution. Scientists have warned that unless effective
measures are taken, the problem of pollution will eventually get out of hand.
Actually, people are showing a real concern over the problem. For example,
there is an increasingly loud voice from the public for firm action against
pollution from automobiles.
[10 建议措施段]Indeed, the earth is our home and we have the duty to take
care of it for ourselves and for our descendants. In my opinion, we should work
out concrete solutions t
本.文,来.源,于.贵,州.学,习.网,www.gzu521.com o the problem of pollution from poisonous gas given off
by automobiles. For example, the automobiles should be equipped with a
device which can dispose of waste gas so as to prevent it from polluting air.
Only in this way can we really solve the problem of air pollution caused by
automobiles.
3. 沙漠化
[2.图画/图表描述段]As is shown in the picture, we can see clearly the relation
ship between people and desert. In the left hand picture, people are fleeing
from greedy sand hills because they cut down all the trees. The caption
reads, "As the sand advances, we retreat." In the right hand picture, the people
have returned carrying tools, water, and young trees to plant the land again.
The caption reads: "As we advance, the sand retreats. "
[5.意义阐述段]It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about
the importance of trees in water and soil conservation and the need for
everyone to fight against the danger of the desertification. In fact, what he is
saying is that the sand hills will drive away from the land if we do fight against
the sand. If we let this situation continue as it is , our environment will suffer a
great destruction.
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[10.建议措施段]The best way to fight back against the greedy desert in made
clear in the second picture. There the local people are actively setting about
the task of planting trees to reclaim the land and make it fertile. The fact that
there are three people in the picture, each with a different job suggests that
working together is the key to success in the battle against soil erosion.
4. 商业捕鱼（00 年真题）
A Brief History of World Commercial Fishing
[2.图表描述段] As is shown in the pictures ,with the increase of commercial
fishing ,the number of fishes dramatically(sharply) decreased .In one
pictures ,there were various kinds of fish and only one fishing-boat in 1900 .On
the contrary ,in1995 there was only one fish ,with many fishing-boats.
[5.意义阐述段] The purpose of this picture is to show us that due (great enough)
attention has to be paid to the decrease (decline) of ocean resources .Owing to
over-fishing the number of fishes has obviously dropped .If we let this situation
go (continue) as it is ,we do not know where fish will be in the future .By that
time ,our environment will suffer a great destruction .
[10.建议措施段] Therefore ,it is imperative for us to take drastic (effective)
measures .For one thing ,we should appeal to our authorities to make strict
laws to control commercial fishing .For another ,we should enhance(imperative
arouse) the awareness of people that the ocean resources are very vital to
us .Only in this way can we protect our ocean resources .Also I believe that we
humans can overcome this difficulty ,and we will have a brighter future .
第二部分 图表作文（三篇）
5. 人口增长对野生动物的影响（99 年真题）
[2.图画/图表描述段] From these graphs, we can draw a conclusion that, with
the growth of human population, the number of species has decreased rapidly
in America, and some species have even vanished from our planet.
[6.原因列军段]Why does this phenomenon appear? There are several possible
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reasons for this. Above all, as the human population grows rapidly, a growing
number of people came to live where some wild species have been living.
Then these species have to move to other places. Some of them probably can
not adapt to the new environment and die. In addition, although many people
look on the wildlife as their friends, some people may not think so. They catch
a lot of wild animals and sell them in order to get more money. Even
worse(坏)/More importantly(好), as the result（中性） /consequence（贬义）
of the industry, the natural balance and the ecologic environment are
destroyed. The clear cutting has become increasingly serious. So some of the
wildlife become homeless and extinct.
[10.建议措施段]In order to protect the wildlife, I have some suggestions. First,
the governments should make laws to prevent them from being caught and
killed. Second, the governments should educate people to love nature and
protect it. Third, as for ourselves, we should take practical actions to protect
our living environment.
6 烟草生产和消费（01 年大纲样题）
[1.现象/现状说明段]The majority of people would agree that cigarette smoking
has caused serious problems. But the tobacco companies insist that they
contribute greatly to the world economy by paying taxes to the government and
employing hundreds of workers.
[4. 利 弊 说 明 段 ]Personally, I believe that cigarette production and
consumption threatens to do more harm than good. Firstly, smoking is
responsible for many fatal diseases such as lung cancer, heart diseases and
so on. According to the survey, tobacco consumers account for about 20% of
the world population, and among them, three million people die from
smoking-related diseases every year. The fact that the output of tobacco
production is reduced from 143.64 billion pounds in 1994 to 142 billion pounds
in 1995 also suggests that people have come to realize the negative effects of
smoking. Secondly, tobacco consumption is extremely wasteful of money. As
is indicated in the pictures, 200 billion US dollars is lost due to smoking each
year. Obviously, the total loss of money around the globe substantially exceeds
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the gain in the industry.
[8.归纳结论段]In conclusion, as the economic development aims at making
our life better, we cannot sacrifice our health for short-term financial benefits. If
we have to spend more and more money providing medical services for those
who suffer from smoking-related illnesses, the notion of promoting economy
via tobacco production is not justifiable. It is high time that we fought for the
total tobacco ban.
7. 日用花销统计
Statistics in People's Daily Expenses in Xi'an
YearItem
Food
Clothing
Recreation
1995
66%
9%
4%
1996
61%
10%
5%
1997
48%
12%
8%
1998
41%
15%
9%
1999
36%
18%
11%
[2.图画/图表描述段]What is shown in the table above indicates that dramatic
changes have taken place in the daily expenses in Xi' an from 1995 to 1999.
The expenses on food have declined by 30% while those on clothing and
recreation have increased respectively by 9% and 7%. The statistics of rise
and fall seem to exist in isolation but closely related to one another.
[6. 原 因 列 军 段 ]There are two factors accounting for these changes.
Development in economy is an essential one in the five years. The increased
income resulting from economic growth plays an important part in the less
expense on food. Hence, a small percentage of total income is enough to
cover food expense. Another one is the changes in life style. When food
presents no worry to the average, people begin to focus more of interest on
handsome appearance and happy leisure time. As a result of such a shift,
spending on clothing and recreation increased year after year.
[9.趋势预测段]From the analyses made above, we may come to the
conclusion that people's living standards in Xi' an have been constantly
improved between 1995 and 1999. With the further growth in economy and
more changes in life style, the tendency indicated in the table will continue in
the table will continue in the better direction.
