2、作状语
现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。
Notreceivinganyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.
AsIdidn’treceiveanyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.
Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
Ifmoreattentionwasgiven,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.(条件)
Walkingalongthestreet,Iranacrossmyoldfriend.
Bittenbyasnake,hewastakentohospital(原因).
Thoughdefeated,hedidn‘tloseheart.(让步)
Helayonthegrass,lookingintothesky.(伴随)
Hecamerunningtotellmethegoodnews.(方式)
______someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.
AFollowedBFollowedbyCBeingfollowedDHavingbeenfollowed
答案:B
Therewasaterriblenoise______thesuddenburstoflight.
AfollowedBfollowingCtobefollowedDbeingfollowed
答案:B
______,liquidscanbechangedintogases.
AHeatingBTobeheatedCHeatedDHeat
答案:C
注意:
(1)选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出,分词就用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。试比较:
(Being)Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。
Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的过程中,我发现这本书很有用。
(2)分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致,如果不一致,就用独立主格结构,即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语,一般不用作定语。
When______,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.
AcompletedBcompletingCbeingcompletedDtobecompleted
答案:A
______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.
AHavingsufferedBSufferingCTosufferDSuffered
答案:A
3、作表语
现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征,过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如:
Thefilmistouching.
Theglassisbroken.
Shelookedtiredwithcooking.
Heremainedstandingbesidethetable.
-I’mvery______withmyowncooking.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious.
-Mm,itdoeshavea______smell.
Apleasant;pleasedBpleased;pleasedCpleasant;pleasantDpleased;pleasant
答案:D
4、作宾语补足语
分词和不定式一样,在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如:
Ismellsomethingburning.
Iheardhimsingingthesong.
Iheardmynamecalled.
Ican‘tmakemyselfunderstoodinEnglish.
Ifoundmycarmissing.
I’llhavemywatchrepaired.我想把我的手表修一下。
Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.
AcarryoutBcarryingoutCcarriedoutDtocarryout
答案:C
5、作插入语
其结构是固定的,意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generallyspeaking一般说来talkingof(speakingof)说到
strictlyspeaking严格地说judgingfrom从···判断
allthingsconsidered从整体来看takingallthingsintoconsideration全面看来。如:
Judgingfromhisface,hemustbeill.从他的脸色看,他一定是病了。
Generallyspeaking,dogscanrunfasterthanpigs.总的来说,狗比猪跑得快。
一、分词的时态
1、与主语动词同时。如:
Arrivingthere,theyfoundtheboydead.刚一到那儿,他们就发现那男孩死了。
Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,______alongspeechforthepresident.
AtoprepareBpreparingCpreparedDwaspreparing
答案:B
2、先于主语动词
分词作时间状语,如果先于主动词的动作,且强调先后,要用havingdone。如:
Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentoutforawalk.
Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewentoutforawalk.
做完作业,他出去散步。
______areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.
ANotreceivingBReceivingnot
CNothavingreceivedDHavingnotreceived
答案:C
二、分词的语态
1、通常情况下,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。如:
Heisthemangivingyou/whogaveyouthebook他就是给你书的那个人
Sheisthegirlstoppedby/whowasstoppedbythecar.她就是那个被车拦住的女孩。
2、不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生。像:gone,fallen,retired,grown-up,escaped,faded,returned等词。如:
aretiredperson一个退休的人afallenball一个落下来的球
aburnt-outmatch烧完了的火柴
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