及物动词不及物动词
主动被动主动
一般时doingbeing donedoing
完成时having donehaving been donehaving done
分词(分词分为现在分词和过去分词。在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。)
现在分词和过去分词的区别:
在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义;
在时间上,现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生,过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。
如:fallingleaves正在下落的树叶fallenleaves已经落在地上的树叶
一、分词的作用
1、作定语
(1)单个分词作定语,分词前置。如:
Thesleepingboyismyson.
Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.
Alostopportunityneverreturns.
Heisaretiredworker.
(2)分词短语作定语,分词后置;分词修饰不定代词something等要后置;个别分词如give,left等作定语也后置。如:
Thegirlstandingunderthetreeismyniece.
Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourlibrary.
Thisisthequestiongiven.
Thereisnothinginteresting.
(3)过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如:
Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists
Thefirsttextbook______forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.
AhavewrittenBtobewrittenCbeingwrittenDwritten
答案:D
What‘sthelanguage______inGermany?
AspeakingBspokenCbespokenDtospeak
答案:B
Pricesofdailygoods______throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.
AareboughtBboughtCbeenboughtDbuying.
答案:B
WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor______“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”
AreadBreadsCtoreadDreading
答案:D
解析:reading与pinnedtothedoor一样作message的后置定语,相当于whichread,pinned和reading的逻辑主语都是message,它与pin是被动关系,用-ed形式,与read是主动关系,用-ing形式