一、动名词的作用
1、作主语
谓语用单数。It代替动名词作主语,常用于如下结构:
It’snogood/usedoing···如:
Seeingisbelieving.
Playingwithfireisdangerous.
It‘snogoodwaitinghere.
2、作宾语
Ienjoylisteningtomusic.
Heoftenpracticesplayingthepianointheevening.
Heisfondofplayingbasketball.
Hehasgivenupsmoking.
Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?
(1)只能接动名词作宾语的动词:
admit,advise建议,risk,appreciate,envy嫉妒,avoid避免,
consider考虑,delay延迟,deny否认,dislike不喜欢,enjoy,escape逃避,excuse原谅、宽恕,
finish完成,forgive原谅,understand理解,giveup放弃,imagine想象,keep保持,mind介意、在乎,miss未达到,practise训练,putoff推迟,resist抵抗,suggest建议、暗示
can’thelp禁不住,can‘tstand无法忍受,devoteto(to为介词)致力于···,lookforwardto期望、盼望,
stickto坚持,beusedto习惯于,objectto反对,bebusy忙于···,feelike想要···
besurprisedat对……感到惊讶beproudof以……为骄傲succeedin在某方面成功
beafraidof害怕giveup放弃
(2)只能接不定式作宾语的动词:
happen碰巧,offer主动提出,promise答应,agree同意,refuse拒绝,decide决定,
determine决定、决心,pretend假装,fail未能够,learn,wish希望,hope,expect,afford负担得起。
(3)接动名词、不定式均可,意义相同的动词:like,love,dislike,hate,begin,star,continue,prefer,
can’tbear/endure无法忍受,cease停止
(4)下列词接动名词和不定式均可,但意义不同的动词:forget,goon,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等
Stoptodo停下来去做stopdoing停止做
Forgettodo忘记要做forgetdoing忘记做过
Remembertodo记得要做rememberdoing记得做过
Regrettodo遗憾要做regretdoing后悔做过
Trytodo企图做,尽力做trydoing试着做
Goontodo继续做(另一件事)goondoing继续做(同一件事)
Meantodo打算做meandoing意味做
InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_______foranotherhour.
AwaitingBtowaitingCwaitDtobewaiting
答案:A
(5)Need,require,want作“需要”讲,其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义,beworth也有类似用法。如:
Theflowersneedwatering/tobewatered.
Theproblemisworthdiscussing.
3、作表语
此时的动名词可以和主语调换位置。如:
Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.
Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechild.
4、作定语
动名词作定语,一般表示用途。如:
awaitingroom,adivingboard,areadingroom,adininghall
therearealotofswimmingpoolsinthecity.
注:(1)现在分词作定语表动作,它与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,可改写成一个定语从句。
如果为单词,放在被修饰n之前,为短语,放在被修饰n之后。
如:asleepingboy=aboywhoissleeping
adevelopingcountry=acountrywhichisdeveloping
(2)动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途或性质,可改写成一个for的短语,两者不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
如:awashingmachine=amashineforwashing
aswimmingpool=apoolforswimming
二、动名词的时态和语态
动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,通常要用完成式,否则都用一般式。如:
Weareinterestedinplayingchess.
Hewaspraisedforhavingfinishedtheworkaheadoftime.
I‘msorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.
若主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象,动名词用被动语态。如:
Wemustdosomethingtopreventwaterfrombeingpolluted.
Irememberhavingbeentoldastory.
Hewasafraidofbeingscoldedbytheteacher.