1. To join two independent clauses, use a comma followed by a conjunction, a semicolon alone, or a semicolon followed by a sentence modifier.
2. Use commas to bracket nonrestrictive phrases, which are not essential to the sentence\'s meaning.
3. Do not use commas to bracket phrases that are essential to a sentence\'s meaning.
4. When beginning a sentence with an introductory phrase, include a comma.
5. To indicate possession, end a singular noun with an apostrophe followed by an \"s\". Otherwise, the noun\'s form seems plural.
6. Use proper punctuation to integrate a quotation into a sentence. If the introductory material is an independent clause, add the quotation after a colon. If the introductory material ends in \"thinks,\" \"saying,\" or some other verb indicating expression, use a comma.
