第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2) 第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
How We Form First Impression
We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her-aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.
The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different1. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information-the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming “signals” are compared against a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals “mean.”
If you see someone you know and like at school3, your brain says “familiar and safe.” If you see someone new, it says, “new-potentially threatening.” Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known” memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures, and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say. “This is new. I don’t like this person.” Or else, “I’m intrigued.” Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures-like your other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person.” But these preliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong4.
When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people-their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character-we categorize them as jocks , geeks , or freaks.
However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking-and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.
23. Paragraph 2______
24. Paragraph 3______
25. Paragraph 4______
26. Paragraph 5______
A. Ways of Departure from Immature and Simplistic Impressions
B. Comment on First Impression
C. Illustration of First Impression
D. Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against Memories
E. Threatening Aspect of First Impression
F. Differences Among Jocks, Geeks and Freaks
27. Sensory information is one that is perceived through_____.
28. You interpret by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.
29. The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking, which is similar to_____.
30. We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to_____.
A. a stranger’s less mature type of thinking
B. the most complex areas of our cortex
C. the immature form of thinking of a very young child
D. the meaning of incoming sensory information.
E. the sights and sounds of t he world.
F. an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking
第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
Late-Night Drinking
Coffee lovers beware. Having a quick “pick-me-up” cup of coffee late in the day will play havoc with your sleep. As well as being a stimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep.
Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am, before falling again. “It’s the neurohormone that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,” says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffcinated coffee halves the body’s levels of this sleep hormone.
Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decal. On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, compared with 415 minutes after decal. They also took half an hour to drop off4 — twice as long as usual — and jigged around in bed twice as much.
In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample, Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine, the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives melatonin production.
Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.
31. The author mentions “pick-me-up” to indicate that_____
A. melatonin levels need to be raised.
B. neurohormone can wake us up.
C. coffee is a stimulant.
D. decaf is a caffeinated coffee.
32. Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?
A. Caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production.
B. Caffeine interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping.
C. Caffeine halves the body’s levels of sleep hormone.
D. Caffeine stays in the body for many hours.
33. What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss?
A. Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep.
B. Different findings of Lotan Shilo and a team about caffeine.
C. The fact that the subjects slept 415 minutes per night after drinking decaf.
D. The proof that the subjects took half an hour to fall asleep.
34. What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove?
A. There are more enzymes in decaf drinkers’ urine sample.
B. There are more melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers’ urine sample.
C. Decaf drinkers produce less melatonin.
D. Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone.
35. The author of this passage probably agrees that_____
A. coffee lovers sleep less than those who do not drink coffee.
B. we should not drink coffee after supper.
C. people sleep more soundly at midnight than at 3 am.
D. if we feel sleepy at night, we should go to bed immediately.
