Genomic research: Consent 2.0
A better way of signing up for studies of your genes
IN AN age where people promiscuously post personaldata on the web and regularly click “I agree” to reams of legalese they have never read, news of yet another electronic consent form. might seem like a big yawn. But for the future of genomics-related research the Portable Legal Consent, to be announced shortly bySage Bionetworks, a non-profit research organisation based in Seattle, is anything but mundane. Indeed, by reversing the normal way consent to use personal data is acquired from patients inclinical trials, it could spell a new relationship between scientists and the human subjects of their research, with potential benefits that extend well beyond genomics.
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The heart of Portable Legal Consent is the notion that anyone who signs up for a clinical trial, or simply has his genome read in order to anticipate the risk of disease, should easily be able to share his genomic and health data not just with that research group or company, but with all scientists who are prepared in turn to accept some sensible rules about how they may use thedata. The main one of these is that the results of investigations which include such “ opensource” data must, themselves, be freely and publicly available. In much the same vein as the open-source-software movement, the purpose of this is to increase the long-term value of thedata, by allowing them to be reused in ways that may not even have been conceived of at the time they were collected.
That approach contrasts with today’s system of secretive data silos for particular studies ofspecific diseases. Patients sometimes discover that they have even signed away their rights to see their own data.
That may serve the narrow interests of a research group or drug company intent on keeping competitors at bay. But the potential of genomic data to provide further insights, perhaps in completely novel contexts, is huge—especially when correlated with a person’s medical record. Also, teasing out correlations between particular genotypes and diseases in a statistically meaningful way requires large sets of data; the larger the set, the more believable the correlations. Portable Legal Consent brings the promise of very large data sets indeed.
Even for academia and industry, these benefits should eventually outweigh the short-term drawbacks of sharing. Indeed, according to John Wilbanks, the creator of Portable Legal Consent, representatives of several drug companies have expressed enthusiasm about Sage Bionetworks’approach. And appealing features, such as so-called syndicating technology, whichautomatically informs both researchers and volunteers about new data relevant to a specificdrug or disease, should reduce the resistance of individual researchers to the loss of control of what they used to think of as their own data.
Of course, sharing in this open-ended way carries risks. The data involved are “de-identified”—meaning they cannot immediately be traced to a specific individual. But as Mr Wilbanks notes, this is not a foolproof guarantee of anonymity.
Data shared might, for example, be traced back to their owner by sophisticated search algorithms. Or some malevolent hacker might expose them to the world. Those squeamish about sharing their personal information should probably not sign the consent form, Mr Wilbanks counsels. But those who believe the benefit of doing so—accelerating the pace of medical research—outweighs the risks can start to pool their own data next month on a special website: weconsent.us.
