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GMAT语法复习指导:主动代被动(3)

2012-08-03 
主动代被动

五、介词词组表被动含义(通常其宾语有动词含义)

  Under arrest/control/repair/discussion/treatment

  In the charge of sb=in someone's charge

  In demand/need

  In use/repair/print

  On sale/fire/trial(被试用,在受审)/show

  For sale

  特别要说明的是“Beyond+名词”结构,“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有:beyond belief(令人难以置信),beyond one's reach(鞭长莫及),beyond one's control(无法控制),beyond our hope.(没希望)。跟这个结构相似的是“out+of+名词”结构:表示“超出……之外”,常见的有:out of control(控制不了),out of sight(超出视线之外),out of one's reach.(够不着),out of fashion(不流行)等。

  如:The rumour is beyond belief(=can't be believed).

  六、形容词表示被动含义(主要是在动词后加后缀-able/-ible变来的形容词)

  Eatable/acceptable/available/passable/accessible/visible/audible但是还有missing/remaining,应该是主动形式的ing形容词,相当于被动的过去分词做形容词用lost/left。

  七、句型

  A,某些不及物动词如move/lock/shut/open/ wear与can't/won't连用

  The door won't open.

  The box can't move.

  This material won't wear.

  B,在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice、easy、fit、hard、difficult、 important、impossible、pleasant、interesting等。

  e. g. This problem is difficult to work out.

  (可看作to work out省略了for me).

  The player is difficult to stop in sports field.

  C, protect sb from sth保护某人免受某害

  e. g. Kids should be protected from all that violence.

  D, measure/weigh+数量词

  e. g. The computer measured 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighed over 30 tonnes.

  E, escape one's attention/notice/punishment,相当于escape being seen/being noticed/being punished

  Rish defeat/death/dismissal相当于risk being defeated/being killed/being dismissed.

  F,在too...to...结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。

  e. g. This book is too expensive(for me)to buy.

  G,在there be...句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动形式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物。

  e. g. There is no time to lose(to be lost).(用to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost,谁lost time不明确。)

  H,在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent、blame、let等仍用不等式的主动形式表示被动意义。

  e. g. Who is to blame for starting the fire?

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