如:happen、last、take place、break out、come out、come about、come true、run out、give out(耗尽,筋疲力尽,某部分出毛病),turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
e. g. How do the newspapers come out?
这些报纸是如何出版的呢?
I am so frightened that my legs give out and I reach for the railing.
另外,还有consist of
e. g. Bolognaise sauce consists of minced beef、onion、tomatoes、garlic and seasoning.
博洛尼亚肉酱是用碎牛肉、洋葱、西红柿、大蒜和佐料做的。
四、非谓语动词
A, sth is well worth doing.这里doing只用做主动的ing形式。
B, need/want/require/bear doing这里的doing也只能用主动的ing形式,相当于被动的不定式,即 need/want/require to be done.
C,某些做状语的非谓语动词,主要是一些评注性状语,如
To sum up, to put in a word/in another way/simply, judging from, providing(that)(当然用provided that也可),还hopefully.
e. g. Hopefully they will arrive before dark.
=It is hoped that they will arrive before dark.
Hopefully better coordinated and more effective programs may result.
=It is hoped that better corrdinated and more effective programs may result.
很明显,有些评注性状语就不是的,表被动的时候就有被动的形式,如given(that)/provided (that)(当然用providing that也可)
Admittedly(无可否认地), he is a cheat, but he is also a writer.
D,动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
e. g. I have a lot of things to do this afternoon。(to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。)
试比较:I'll go to the post office. DO you have a letter to be posted(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语,表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
E,顺便说一下,英语里也有一些主动的意义却是用被动的过去分词形式表达的,如be located in/ be determined to/be convinced that/be devoted to/be committed to/be attached to(喜欢,依恋)/be addicted to/be supposed to/be expected to