Question No. 11.
According to the man, why is Internet addiction so common now?
Question No. 12.
What worries the interviewer about surfing on the Net?
Question No. 13.
What is the problem with chat rooms, according to the man?
Question No. 14.
The man says that several areas of a person’s life might be affected by Internet addiction. Which of the following is NOT one of these areas?
Question No. 15.
What does the man suggest that students do to remind themselves to get off-line and take a walk?
Question 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.
(Man) Pop Art is an artistic development that began in the late 1950s and became the most powerful art movement of the 1960s. Although it was a strong cultural force in Europe (especially in England), this lecture will concentrate on Pop Art in the United States. Pop artists were inspired by mass-produced visual media, such as television, magazines, comic books, billboards, and the design of common household objects, and used these things as the starting point for their art.
Pop Art differed from earlier art movements. To understand Pop Art, it is helpful to know a little bit about the artistic movement that immediately preceded it. This movement was called Abstract Expressionism. Jackson Pollock is an example of an Abstract Expressionist. If we look at Pollock’s painting entitled Autumn Rhythm, we see a dense field of overlapping lines that swirl and move all over the surface of the canvas. This painting refers to the process of making the painting more than it refers to anything in the actual world. Pollock believed that his intuitive approach to making paintings could show his inner self. He said, “Painting is a state of being … [and] self discovery. Every good artist paints what he is.”
Abstract Expressionism was a highly personal art. It reflected the internal struggles of the individual artists. Pop Artists were not at all interested in this internal search. Instead, Pop Artists believed that art should have a more direct relationship to things in their world.
The economic growth that began in the United States after World II gained speed in the 1960s. At the same time, television became a primary source of information and entertainment for the American people. In the late 1940s, about 10 thousand Americans owned televisions; by 1957 over 40 million Americans owned them.
Artists of the 1940s and early 1950s used painting and sculpture to understand their own personal states of being. By comparison, the Pop Artists responded to the intense visual stimulation that the growing consumer culture created.
Robert Rauschenberg was one of the first Pop Artists. He wanted to move art away from the personalities of the individual artists and direct it towards the world. The intuitive swirling forms of a Pollock painting said nothing to Rauschenberg about the rapidly changing world that he was experiencing.
By the late 1950s, Robert Rauschenberg was using everyday objects, which he found on the street, as the material for his art. Imagine taking a long walk around New York and picking up stuff, like old magazines, tires, and crumbled cigarette boxes. What would happen if you tried to make art from this material? This is what Rauschenberg did. He wanted to have his art reflect the world he lived in.
Rauschenberg didn’t try to impose a unified symbolic meaning on this collection of material. Instead he wanted the work to reflect the randomness of the things you might see if you were to walk around a densely populated area.
By the early 1960s Robert Rauschenberg was concentrating less on the objects and more on the images he found. He was fascinated by how a single photograph could be distributed through a magazine or newspaper across the country virtually immediately. He thought that these printed photographs could comment on the speed at which information was being given to people living in the TV age.
Rauschenberg’s use of found objects and images from everyday life was innovative and it set the stage for further development in Pop Art.
Pop Artistes were interested in visual communication because they believed that these images reflected the cultural values of contemporary society.
Question No. 16.
In which of the following periods did Pop Art start?
Question No. 17.
By which of the following were Pop artists inspired?
Question No. 18.
Which of the following statements is TRUE about Abstract Expressionism?
Question No. 19.
What was the goal of the Pop artist, Robert Rauschenberg?
Question No. 20.
Why were Pop artists interested in visual communication?
