Reduce Packaging
Pressure increased recently on British supermarkets and retailers to reduce packaging as part of an anti-waste campaign____46_F___.Britain generates 4.6 million tons of household waste every year by packaging. Dozens of people have expressed anger at the excess of plastic wrapping. Campaigners have called on Britain to learn from other European countries.___47_B__.When returned bottles are put in a vending machines, the deposit is refunded. Environmentalists warn that Britain lags behind in this. There were reports of growing unease among consumers over the amount of packaging they have to deal with. Trade standards officers also object to excessive packaging __48_C_. In response to a campaign by Britain’s The Independent newspaper, leading supermarkets have pointed to various initiatives to win the public confidence.___49_E__. But campaigners said retailers and the government could learn much from anti-waste practices on the Continent. In Sweden, non-recyclable batteries have been taxed since 1991 to encourage a switch to alternatives. __50_D_In Germany, plastic bags are unheard of in supermarkets and deposits are paid for reusable plastic and glass beverage (饮料)bottles.A. if a product is overpackaged, don't buy itB. In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic or glass container, you make a deposit. C. this is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.D. This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales.E. Tesco said it was saving 112,000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates (板条箱)for transporting its fresh produce.F. The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper.
答案与题解：
因为反对浪费的运动要减少包装，英国的超级市场及零售商最近增加了压力。(这项运动由无党派报纸发起。)(这导致销量减少74%。)减少销量才会增加压力?因为包装，英国每年产生了4.6百万吨家庭废物。
许多人曾对剩余的塑料包装表示过恼火。运动发起者呼吁英国向其它欧洲国家学习。(在比利时，你买东西用塑料或玻璃容器时，你必须交付押金。)(如果产品被包装两层，别买它。)这些都可以是比较先进的、减少浪费的观点。当返还的瓶子退回柜员机时，押金也偿还。环境保护者警告：英国在这方面已经落后了。
他们不得不处置的消费品额外包装量报告增长了不安。贸易权威官员也反对过多的包装。(这是因为太多的填料导致顾客产生错误的印象：他都到底是在买什么?)(如果产品被包装两层，别买它。)权威部门都反对了，还买?
为响应这个由无党派报纸发起的运动，主要的超市通过多种公开的行动赢得了公众的信任。(Tesco(英国最大的零售商)说转为使用可再度利用的塑料框，一年节约了112,000吨的纸板。)
但运动发起者说零售商和政府应学习更多欧洲大陆反对浪费的惯例。在瑞典，1991年起不回收的电池必须缴税。(这导致销量减少74%。)(在比利时，你买东西用塑料或玻璃容器时，你必须交付押金。)(如果产品被包装两层，不买它。)我不知道瑞典的不回收电池是否减少70%的销量、瑞典是否不买包装两层(即过度包装)的商品，所以这3个答案好像都可。在德国，超市找不到塑料袋，押金用于可再利用的塑料或玻璃容器。
(A)If a product is overpackaged, don’t buy it.如果产品被包装两层，不买它。
(B)In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic or glass container, you make a deposit.在比利时，你买东西用塑料或玻璃容器时，你必须交付押金。
(C)This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.这是因为太多的填料导致顾客产生错误的印象：都不知道是买什么
(D)This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales.这导致销量减少74%。
(E)Tesco said it was saving 112,000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates for transporting its fresh produce.Tesco说，转为使用可再度利用的塑料框，一年节约了112,000吨的纸板。
(F)The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper.这个运动由无党派报纸发起。
标准答案为 FBCED
第六题：完形填空
Taking a nap during the day
Taking a Nap During the Day
Medical experts say most Americans do not get 1 sleep. They say more Americans need to rest for a short period in the middle of the day. They are advising people to sleep lightly before 2 with other activities.
One study earlier this year found that persons who sleep for a few minutes during the day were less 3 to die of disease. The study followed more than 2,300 Greek adults 4 about six years. Adult who rested for half an hour 5 three times a week had a 37 percent lower risk of dying from heart disease than those who did not nap.
Study organizers said the strongest evidence was in working men. They said naps might improve 6 by mitigating tension caused by work.
Some European and Latin American businesses have supported the 7 of napping for many years. They urge people to 8 work, go home and have a nap before returning. In the United States, some companies let workers rest briefly in their offices. They believe this reduces in their offices. They believe this reduces 9 and accidents, and 10 increases the amount of work a person can do.
Sleep experts say it is likely that people make more mistakes at work than at other times1. They say people should not carry out important duties when they feel 11 . And they say the best thing to do is to take a nap. About twenty minutes of rest is 12 you need. Experts say this provides extra energy and can increase your effectiveness 13 the end of the day. But experts warn that a nap 14 last no more than twenty to thirty minutes. A longer nap will put the body into deep sleep2 and waking up3 will be 15
词汇:
Nap n. 打盹 mitigate v.减价
urge v.催促，劝告
注释:
1.people make more mistakes at work than at other times：人们在工作(时间)中出错的概率比其它的时间要多。本句中的at work可以理解为during their work time。
2.put…into deep sleep：使……进人深睡状态
3.waking up：从上下文判断，waking up是“自己醒过来”的意思，不是“唤醒”。
练习:
1. A sweet B sound C bad D enough
2. A checking B sharing C continuing D meeting
3. A lovely B likely C fondly D finely
4. A for B at C in D with
5. A at least B at most C at last D at first
6. A ability B health C thinking D life
7. A experiment B reform C idea D way
8. A repeat B improve C change D leave
9. A work B mistakes C energy D time
10. A never B seldom C too D also
11. A ready B good C sleepy D awake
12. A all B few C any D nothing
13. A unless B while C until D during
14. A would B may C might D should
15. A helpful B difficult C easy D happy
答案与题解:
1.D本段第二句说“more Americans need to rest for a short period in the middle of the day”。引导我们选择(not)enough。因为睡眠不够，才要中午“打个盹”。选项A：文不对题。选项B：bad(sleep)与上下文不符，因为通篇文章没有提到过，中午打盹的原因是晚上没有睡好。选项C：明显不合乎逻辑。“由于没有睡不好(即：晚上睡好了)，白天还要补睡一会儿”，于理说不通。所以，惟一合理的选择是enough。 ’
2.C空格2所在句子的意思是：医学专家建议人们在进行其它活动之前，最好小睡一会。四个选项中，只有continuing(选项C)最接近上述的理解。
3.B空格3所在的句子说的是“心脏病致死”的问题，lovely，fondly和finely分别表达“可爱”、“喜欢”和“美好”的意思，明显不对。less likely是“可能性较低一些”的意思，选择likely符合上下文的意思。本段最后一句说，成年人白天打盹半小时，一周三次，其心脏病致死的概率比不打盹的人要低37%。这更证实了选likely是正确的。
4.A本句的意思是，调查进行了六年。about six years之前要用表达一段时间的介词for。介词at和with明显与about six years不搭配，而选项in(about six years)表达的是未来的时间，如：He will come to Beijing in one day or tw0.(他一、两天之内会到北京。)
5.A at first和at last明显与本句的意思不符。若选at most(最多)，本句的意思成了“成年人白天打盹半小时，一周不得超过三次，其心脏病致死的概率比不打盹的人要低37%”，意思有点令人费解。改说成，“一周至少三次”才说得通。所以at least是答案。
6.B通篇文章在阐述白天打盹有益于健康，选项B是答案。
7.C空格7所在的句子的意思是：多年来，欧洲和拉丁美洲的一些公司支持白天打盹的 ? (空格中填哪一个词?)。很明显，空格中填入experiment(试验)或reform(改革)则离题太远，而way(方式)肯定没有idea(想法)好。C是答案。
8.D从上下文判断，空格8的词应该与“中止(work)”有关。四个选项中，只有leave合乎这一条件。而其它三个选项repeat(重复)、improve(改进)和change(改变)与后半句的go home and have a nap搭不上。
9.B前面一句说，美国有些公司让职员在办公室打个盹，这样可以减少些事故等。填人空格9的词应该与accidents(事故)一样，是一个负面意思的词。mistakes(选项B)符合这个条件，是答案。reduce work/energy time都不合理。
10.D 打个盹有两个好处：1)可以减少错误和事故;2)可以增加工作效率。从上下文判断，
选als0最合适。t00从词义上说也可以，但用法上有问题，因为“…this…too increases the amount…”把t00置于动词increases之前很少见。never和seldom的意思与上下文不匹配。
11.C前半句说，“people should not carry out important dudes…”，后半句自然会想到“when they feel sleepy”。而when they feel ready good happy都说不通。
12.A本句的意思是：大约20分钟的打盹是你所需要的。所以，About twenty minutes of rest is few/any/nothing you need与上述意思不符，只有About twenty minutes of rest is all you need才说得通。
13.C前半句说，“this(指打肫)provides extra energy and Can increase your effectiveness”后面接while unless during the end of the day不搭配，只有until(the end of the day)才是答案。
14.D本句的意思是：专家警告说：打盹不能(或不应该)超过30分钟。这题选should最合适。
15.B本句表达的意思应该是上一句“A longer nap will put the body into deep sleep”引出的结果。打盹时间长了，就会进入深睡状态，很难醒过来。选difficult是合适的，其它三个选项的意思脱离了上下文，不会是答案。
标准答案为CABDB CDBCB AADCB
