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Graphene: Fundamentals, Devices, and Applications |  |
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Graphene: Fundamentals, Devices, and Applications | |
Graphene is the first example of two-dimensional materials and is the most important growth area of contemporary research. It forms the basis for new nanoelectronic applications. Graphene, which comprises field-effect structures, has remarkable physical properties.
This book focuses on practical applications determined by the unique properties of graphene. Basic concepts are elucidated by end-of-chapter problems, the answers to which are provided in the accompanying solutions manual. The mechanisms of electric and thermal transport in the gated graphene, interface phenomena, quantum dots, non-equilibrium states, scattering and dissipation, as well as coherent transport in graphene junctions are considered in detail in the book. Detailed analyses and comparison between theory and experiments is complemented with a variety of practical examples.
The book has evolved from the author’s own research experience and from his interaction with other scientists at tertiary institutions and is targeted at a wide audience ranging from graduate students and postdoctoral fellows to mature researchers and industrial engineers.
媒体推荐"Graphene: Fundamentals, Devices, and Applications provides a comprehensive textbook, primarily focused on graphene but also containing up-to-date coverage of carbon nanotubes, and even an introduction to few-layered transition metal dichalcogenides. Each of the 11 chapters ends with a problem set and an extensive list of references. Many examples of device applications are given in each chapter, thereby making the book attractive to practicing engineers and engineering students."
―Prof. Mildred Dresselhaus, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
"This book is the most advanced introduction to a fascinating world of two-dimensional materials. Detailed and self-contained description of electric, thermal, and thermoelectric properties of graphene and graphene nanostructures is a valuable resource for researchers in physics, materials science, nanotechnologies, and sensing. Accessible presentation of the most complicated phenomena and interesting original problems will be appreciated by graduate students."
―Prof. Vladimir Mitin, The State University of New York, USA
"This is a long-awaited monograph that provides a direct link from the unique energy spectra, including the chiral properties, thermal and electric transport, as well as vibrational, interface, scattering, and dissipation phenomena in both ideal and dirty graphene, to their remarkable possible applications. Graphene nanocoolers and cogenerators of electricity are splendid examples of such novel applications in thermoelectricity. The miraculous potentialities of graphene-quantum-dot-based structures as THz detectors are supported by a big number of both theoretical analyses and experimental observations. I strongly recommend this book to all who are interested in the most recent advances in the fascinating field of monolayered nanostructures."
―Prof. Vladimir M. Fomin, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), Germany
目录INTRODUCTION
Chiral fermions in graphene
Low-energy electron excitations in graphene
Dirac equation for chiral fermions
Berry phase and topological singularity in graphene
Klein paradox and chiral tunneling
Landau levels in graphene
Modeling the graphene devices
INTRINSIC COHERENCE OF GRAPHENE
The field-biased graphene junctions
Electron and hole excitations in graphene
Quantum capacitance of graphene
Einstein relation in graphene
Electrostatics of gated graphene devices: charge traps near the graphene/oxide interface
Steady-state electrostatics of graphene field-effect transistors
Characteristic scales of gated graphene
Solving the electrostatic equation
Capacitance of the channel and of the gate
Diffusion-drift current ratio of the diffusion and drift currents
Continuity of electric current
Inhomogeneous behavior of chemical and electrostatic potential along the channel
Microscopic model of electron transport through the field-effect transistor
Conventional tunneling via a rectangular barrier
Chiral tunneling through a rectangular barrier
Role of edges: armchair edges
Role of edges: zigzag edges
Deviation of an electron inside a wide chiral barrier
Electric current density across the chiral barrier
Gate voltage–controlled quantization
A hybrid graphene–CNT junction
Electric current characteristics
The saturation regime (pinch-off)
Linear behavior in low fields
Transit time through the channel
The diffusion-drift approximation
Effects in the high field
Generalized boundary conditions
Pseudo-diffusive dynamics
Confinement and Zitterbewegung
QUANTIZED STATES IN GRAPHENE RIBBONS
Tight-binding model of bilayer graphene
A bilayer graphene junction
Heavy chiral fermion state in graphene stripe
3.4. Quantum-confined Stark effect
PT-invariance the Dirac Hamiltonian
Heavy chiral fermions at zigzag edges of graphene stripe
PHONONS AND RAMAN SCATTERING IN GRAPHENE
Phonon modes in the two-dimensional graphene
Phonon spectra in graphene, and graphene nanoribbons
The phonon transport in two-dimensional crystals
Momentum diagram of phonon transport in graphene
Thermal conductivity due to phonons in graphene nanoribbons
Raman scattering
Role the degrees of freedom
Molecular vibrations and infrared radiation
Various processes of light scattering
Stokes and anti-Stokes scattering
Raman scattering versus fluorescence
Selection rules for Raman scattering
Raman amplification and Stimulated Raman scattering
A requirement of the coherence
Practical applications
Higher-order Raman spectra
Raman spectroscopy of graphene
Kohn anomalies, double resonance, and D and G peaks
Deriving the electron–phonon coupling from Raman line width
Raman spectroscopy of graphene and graphene layers
Failure the adiabatic Born–Oppenheimer approximation and the Raman spectrum of doped graphene
Influence of the atomic and structural disorders
Graphene ribbons and edges
ELECTRON SCATTERING ON ATOMIC DEFECTS AND PHONONS IN GRAPHENE
Pseudospin conservation during the scattering of chiral fermions
Phonon drag effect
Screening by interacting electrons
Plasma oscillations
Plasma excitations in graphene
Coupling between electrons and phonons
Susceptibility of graphene
Graphene
Dielectric function in graphene and CNT
Electron-impurity scattering time in graphene
Scattering of phonons in a few-layer graphene
MANY-BODY EFFECTS IN GRAPHENE
Electron-electron Coulomb interaction
Electron self-energy
Quasi-particle excitation energy
Computational results
Excitons
Wannier–Mott excitons
Excitonic states
Experimental observation of excitons in graphene
Electron scattering on indirect excitons
Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid
Probing of intrinsic state of one-dimensional quantum well with a photon-assisted tunneling
The TLL tunneling density of states of a long quantum well
Identifying the charge and the spin boson energy levels
Useful relationships
ANDREEV REFLECTION IN GRAPHENE
Graphene/superconductor interface
Conversion between Electrons and holes at the N/S interface
BTK model of Andreev reflection
Experimental study of the Andreev reflection in graphene
Interpretation of Andreev reflection in graphene-based junctions
Amplitude of composite Andreev reflection
Amplitude of composite Andreev reflection
Van Hove singularities and superconductivity in carbon nanotubes and graphene stripes
Theoretical model
NON-EQUILIBRIUM EFFECTS IN GRAPHENE DEVICES
Relevance of non-equilibrium effects in graphene junction
Tunneling rates for a graphene junction
Non-equilibrium electric current
The Green Keldysh function of non-equilibrium electrons
"Homogeneous" approximation inside the chiral barrier
Expressions for the advanced Green functions
The -function approximation
Photon-assisted tunneling current through the chiral barrier
Electron self-energy and many-body effects
Quantum kinetic equation for
Symmetric junction
Non-equilibrium contribution
The photon-assisted electric current
Equilibrium current
The gate current
Excessive regular current
Absorbed power
Jarzynski equality for quantum systems
Quantum Jarzynski equality for spin ?
GRAPHENE THERMOELECTRIC NANOCOOLERS AND ELECTRICITY CO-GENERATORS
Thermoelectric effects on the nanoscale
Performance of the thermoelectric device
Quantum theory of electronic thermal transport
Electron transport and elastic collisions
Reversible Peltier effect in carbon nano-junctions
Thermoelectric figure of merit and Fourier law
Phonon transport and thermal conductivity
Recent experiments for measuring the thermal conductivity of graphene
Microscopic model of the thermoelectric effect
Converting the heat into electricity by a graphene stripe with heavy chiral fermions
Blocking the phonon flow by multilayered electrodes
Molecular dynamics simulations
Non-equilibrium thermal injection
Perspectives of thermoelectric research for graphene
SENSING AND EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES WITH GRAPHENE AND CARBON NANOTUBE QUANTUM DOTS
Sensors of electromagnetic field
THz sensor based on carbon nanotube quantum dot
Microscopic model of the carbon nanotube quantum dot sensor
Electromagnetic field influence
Key assumptions
Electron quantization in the steady state
The THz field influence to quantum dot
Characteristics of the electric transport
Responsivity and quantum efficiency of the THz detector
Intrinsic noise and the noise equivalent power
Frequency range and operation temperature
OTHER ATOMIC MONOLAYERS
Atomic monolayers
Monolayer and a few-layered materials
Electric transport in nanodevices
Electronic transport versus scattering mechanisms
TMDC transistors
Perspectives of the TMDC electronics
Vibrational and optical properties of TMDCs
The future applications of 2D materials
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A very good and comprehensive description of pioneering research in the field of graphene and its applications.
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