谢振礼托福写作备考资料
TOEFL Essay Preparation Guidelines:Tutoring Lessons
>Analyzing TOEFL (360) essay topics. (Try to get familiar with as many prompts as possible.)
The TWE list of 185 topics (classified in 6 groups).
A collection of other topics in the past TWE exams (2009-2013).
>Understanding TOEFL scoring standards for the writing section Task 2 and Task 2.
Task 1--the integrated writing task. Test-takers read a short passage, listen to related material, and then describe how the information in the two sources relate. (20 minutes)
Task 2--the independent writing task. Test-takers write an essay on a given topic using their own knowledge or experience. (30 minutes)
>How to write the introduction and conclusion in an opinion essay (Task 2)?
Introduction=thesis+focus+signposting. (from the general to the specific)
Conclusion=signposting+focus+thesis. (from the specific to the general)
>How to write the two body paragraphs in a 4-paragraph essay (Task 2)?
Method PEE=Point+Examples+Explanations.
Topic sentence (signpost)=sub-focus point.
Supporting sentences (examples, explanations and details).
>Task 2 Time control: 30 minutes for a minimum of 300 words (typing).
Planning--about 7 minutes.
Writing--about 18 minutes.
Proofreading--about 5 minutes.
>English composition: Plan logically and write grammatically.
English--rhetoric (language effectiveness), syntax (sentence variety), lexicon (word choice).
composition--thesis (well focused), structure (well organized), content (well supported).
TOEFL Writing Practice: Have your essays checked and re-written by Jeenn Lee Hsieh.
Your 'opinion' essay has to follow the English essay plan (outline). In fact, even native speakers of English have to use this mind-mapping format when they write--if they do not use it, then their essays will not be very good ones. There are only three main parts: introduction, body (A+B), conclusion.
Stick to the 4-paragraph 18-sentence format 3663. (introduction-3, body A-6, body B-6, conclusion-3)
introduction: Say what you are going to say. Your introduction must have a thesis statement. (Writing the introductory paragraph is key to a good essay!)
body: Say it, with evidence. A body paragraph supports your thesis. It begins with a topic sentence. (Typically, you need two body paragraphs.)
conclusion: Say what you have said. It is a summary of the main points of your essay. (You should not copy your thesis statement and topic sentences exactly. However, it is a good idea to write the introduction and conclusion, each with the other in mind.)
>Topic sentences--exercises. (Every paragraph in the essay body begins with a topic sentence.)
Signpost A at the beginning of body paragraph A.
Signpost B at the beginning of body paragraph B.
>Supporting sentences--exercises. (This is what comes after a topic sentence.)
Using examples.
Explanations and details.
>4 sentence types.(Sentence variety.)--360 example sentences for you to read. (You should know the difference between an independent clause and a dependent clause.)
Simple sentence. (1 independent clause only. Not any dependent clause.)
Compound sentence. (2 or more independent clauses. Not any dependent clause.)
Complex sentence. (1 independent clause. 1 or more dependent clause.)
Compound-complex sentence. (2 or more independent clauses. 1 or more dependent clause.)
Exclusive!!! TOEFL Sample Essays by Jeenn Lee Hsieh: Answers to essay questions.
There are more than 360 example essays for you to choose from.
(Write to ielts360toefl@hotmail.com)
Reference>Test of Written English (TWE): integrated writing task and independent writing task.
>TOEFL Scoring Standards (integrated writing): Top level
A response at this level successfully selects the important information from the lecture, and coherently and accurately presents this information in relation to the relevant information presented in the reading.
The response is well organized.
>TOEFL Scoring Standards (independent writing): Use specific reasons and examples (based on your knowledge or experience) to support your answer.
Top level: An essay at this level largely accomplished all of the following--
effectively addresses the topic and task.
is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and/or details (to support a thesis statement or a topic sentence).
displays unity, progression, and coherence.
displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomatic expressions.
