Motoring Technology
1.C. 解析： 问题问“当世界范围内的道路事故发生率增加到了一个令人震惊的数量时, 研究者们对做什么产生了兴趣?”被选项C直接与文章主题呼应(第1段第2句是答案相关句), 所以C是答案。
解题思路2： 问题句中出现了修饰词语(worldwide， shocking)， 利用这些修饰结构作为答案线索， 这样在文章中找到答案相关句：
1.2 million road deaths(死亡) worldwide(世界范围地， 世界范围的) occur(发生) each year(每年), plus(加上) a further(更多的， 更远的) 50 million injuries(伤害). To reduce(减少) car crash(撞车) rate, much research (与标题中的technology呼应)now is focused on(关注...) safety(安全) and new fuels(燃料) – though some electric vehicle(电动汽车) and biofuel(生物燃料) research aims at(致力于) going(驾驶) faster.
第1段第1句是答案相关句(worldwide直接出现，该句隐含shocking (rate))，但是该句并没有说“研究者们在做什么”， 因此关注后面的句子。 接下来的一句说“为了减少车祸发生率， 现在许多研究关注汽车的安全性和新型燃料的使用”，该句内容与C呼应， 因此C是答案。
考点： 文章主题句。
提示： 当问题句及被选项中出现了修饰词语/结构(修饰名词的形容词， 修饰动词， 形容词和副词的副词)， 则常常可以利用这些词语/结构作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句， 从而快速确认答案。
2. B.解析：问题问“根据第2段， 大多数车祸发生是因为...” 利用问题句中的修饰词most作为答案线索， 这样在文章中找到答案相关句(该段最后一句句子)
Traveling(开快车) at speed(飞快地) has always(总是， 始终) been risky(危险的). One cutting edge area (最先进领域)of research in motoring safety is the use of digital(数字的) in-car assistants(辅助装置). They can ensure(确保) you don’t miss(错过， 思念) crucial(非常重要的) road signs(标记， 符号， 迹象) or fall asleep. The use of artificial intelligence software allows these assistants to monitor your driving and makes sure your phone or radio doesn’t distract you at a vital moment. Most crashes(与most road accidents呼应) result from(由...而产生) human and not mechanical(机械的) faults(错误, 故障).
该句说“大多数的撞车事故造成的原因是由于人为的错误而不是由机械故障”， 因此B是答案。
3.D. 解析： 问题问“下列哪项安全技术在段落中没有被提到?”问题句中没有词语或结构可作为答案线索， 因此关注被选项， 被选项中均涉及到细节信息， 因此分别利用被选项中的细节信息词作为答案线索(A： radar， B： devices to see through big vechles; C： seat belt， pedal controls， tyres; D： windscreens)， 在文章中查找与被选项分别形成呼应的句子， 这样在文章中找到答案相关句：
提示： 当问题句及被选项中出现了反映细节信息的词语或结构时， 往往可以利用这些细节信息词语/结构作为答案相关句， 在文章中找到对应的答案相关句。
Some safety developments aim to improve your vision. Radar(雷达) can spot(发现, 认出) obstacles(障碍物) in fog(雾)(与A一致), while other technology “sees through(透视, 看穿)” high-sided(有边的) vehicles blocking(阻碍) your view(视线, 观点, 景色, 观察)(与B一致).
And improvements(改善， 改进) to seat belts(安全带), pedal(脚踏板) controls(控制装置， 控制) and tyres (轮胎)are making driving smoother(平稳的， 平滑的) and safer(安全的)(与C一致). The color of a car has been found to be linked
with safety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape.
选项A， B和C在文章中都有呼应的信息， 只有D没有呼应的信息(D中的windscreens)， 因此D是答案。
4.C. 解析： 问题问“下列那项不是使用人造卫星跟踪和远程通讯这些革新技术的目的?”问题句中出现了细节信息结构(satellite tracking和 remote communications)作为答案线索， 这样在文章中找到答案相关句：
But whatever(无论什么) is in the fuel tank(油箱), you don’t want a thief(小偷) in the driving seat(驾驶座位) and there have been many innovations, some using satellite tracking and remote communications, to fight against(同...作斗争，防御) car theft. These communication systems(系统) can also come into play (起作用)if you crash(撞车), automatically(自动地) calling for(要求， 提倡) help.
答案相关句说“一些革新技术使用卫星和远程通讯来防御汽车盗贼(与A和D呼应)， 如果你撞了车，这些通讯系统也能起作用： 它能自动寻求帮助(与B呼应)”， 因此C是答案。
考点： 代词的指代内容(some， these (communication systems))， 现在分词结构(some using satellite tracking...)， 动词短语(fight against, come into play)
5. A. 解析: 问题问“下列哪个说法与文章中关于机器人驾驶员的说法一致?” 结合文章主题(安全驾车技术)排除C 和D(与文章主题偏离较远), 借助常识排除B(机器人驾车应该更精确, 所以更能处理如在繁忙路段驾车这样的复杂问题), 因此推测A可能是答案.
解题思路2: 利用问题句中的细节信息结构(robotic drivers)作为答案线索, 在文章中找到答案相关句:
Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road, such jams can be analyzed using statistical tools. Robotic (机器人的)drivers could be programmed(编程) to make traffic(交通, 车流) flow(流动, 泛滥) smoothly and will perhaps(可能) one day be everyone’s personal chauffeur(司机), but(但是) their latest(最新) efforts (成就, 努力)suggest(暗示, 建议) that won’t be soon(立刻, 不久).
答案相关句说“可以对机器人驾驶员编程， 从而使车流顺畅， 将来可能有一天机器人将成为人们的专门司机， 但是最新的成就显示这不会很快实现”。该句内容与A一致。
考点： 考察代词(that)的指代内容。
提示：如果答案相关句中含有but， however等引导的转折结构， 则直接考点往往在该转折结构处。
21、第2篇
His own way to express love
Yesterday was our three-year anniversary. We didn’t do anything romantic: we just walked hand in hand and talked about our past and future. This was pretty much what I had expected.
Andy is unromantic guy: no sweet words or roses. Smart as he is, he is a little bit shy expressing his love. In contrast, I am an outspoken girl who likes to show her feelings directly. So needless to say, I often feel that is insensitive. I envy other girls who are surrounded by sweet words.
I was in this sullen mood until I heard a beautiful sentence one day: “someone does not love you in the way you like, it does not mean that he does not love you.” This simple but sensible sentence made me think about our happy days and recall his deep concern for me.
One cold winter night, I got a high fever. He hurried to my dorm and took me to the hospital. He was in such a hurry that he even forgot to wear socks. After arrival, he ran through the hospital handling all the formalities. When I was put on a drip, he told me interesting stories to make me happy. Being held in his warm arms and listening to his tender voice, I never felt so safe and comfortable. Gradually, I felt asleep. When I woke up 15 minutes later, he was still mumbling to me. He explained that if he had stopped talking I would have woke up. At that moment, I found love in his sparkling eyes.
Another time, I had a bad quarrel with my best friend. Although I knew it was my fault, I refused to admit it. I was angry when he insisted I apologize to her. He said that it was difficult to admit a mistake, but this was what everyone should do. The next morning, I apologized to my friend and asked for her forgiveness.
My unromantic boyfriend cares about my health like my father, understand me like my mother and helps me like my elder brother.(344 words)
1. Who is Andy?
A. the writer’s father
B. the writer’s mother
C. the writer’s elder brother
D. the writer’s boyfriend
2. When did the writer and Andy fall in love?
A. three years ago
B. yesterday
C. on a cold winter night
D. after a quarrel
3. Which statement is true of the writer?
A. she likes running after romantic guys
B. she does not like sweet words
C. she likes expressing her feelings directly
D. she does not like roses
4. The writer tells the reader two stories to show that
A. Andy is a romantic guy
B. Andy has his own way to express love
C. Andy is an interesting guy
D. Andy is a foolish guy
5. The word sullen in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by
A. cheerful
B. calm
C. painful
D. bad
标准答案： D,A,C,B,D
解析：第2篇
His own way to express love
1. D. 问题句问“谁是Andy?” ，利用题干中的特征词(Andy)作为答案线索， 这样在文章中找到答案相关句：
Yesterday was our three-year anniversary. We didn’t do anything romantic: we just walked hand in hand and talked about our past and future. This was pretty much what I had expected.
Andy is unromantic guy: no sweet words or roses. Smart(聪明的, 漂亮的) as he is, he is a little bit(有点) shy(害羞的)expressing his love. In contrast(相反), I am an outspoken(坦率直言的) girl who likes to show(表达) her feelings(情感) directly(直接地). So needless to say, I often feel that is insensitive. I envy other girls who are surrounded by sweet words.
第2段的第1句是答案相关句， 该句说“Andy不是一个浪漫的人： 他没有甜言蜜语， 也没有玫瑰花” ，借助该句内容， 结合文章标题(他自己表达爱的方式)综合判断Andy应该是文章作者的男朋友。
2.A.问题句说: “什么时候作者和Andy相爱的?” 被选项都涉及到具体的时间状语(特征性结构), 因此可分别利用它们作为答案线索在文章中查找与这些被选项呼应的句子, 对被选项进行判断:
Yesterday was our three-year anniversary. (该句说“昨天是我们第三周年”， 因此判断“他们的相爱发生在至少三年以前”， 因此首先排除B。) .
One cold winter night, I got a high fever(发高烧). He hurried to my dorm and took me to the hospital. He was in such a hurry that he even forgot to wear socks. After arrival, he ran through the hospital handling all the formalities. When I was put on a drip, he told me interesting stories to make me happy. Being held in his warm arms and listening to his tender voice, I never felt so safe and comfortable. Gradually, I felt asleep. When I woke up 15 minutes later, he was still mumbling to me. He explained that if he had stopped talking I would have woke up. At that moment(时刻), I found(发现) love in his sparkling(闪闪发光的) eyes.该答案相关句涉及到文章中重要的细节信息, 因此推测该段可能存在考点. 该段最后一句(划线句)说“在那一时刻(作者生病窝床)， 在他闪闪发光的眼中我发现了爱”， 根据该句判断此时可能此时文章作者和Andy已经相爱了。
Another time, I had a bad quarrel with my best friend. Although I knew it was my fault, I refused to admit it. I was angry when he insisted I apologize to her. He said that it was difficult to admit a mistake, but this was what everyone should do. The next morning, I apologized to my friend and asked for her forgiveness.
My unromantic boyfriend cares about my health like my father, understand me like my mother and helps me like my elder brother.
文章倒数第2段中提到了选项D中的核心词“争吵”， 但是该段中根本没有“love”这样的字眼出现, 因此D不是答案。综合比较A和C，相比之下选择A更合适些。
3. C. 问题句说“下列哪个说法与作者的实际情况一致?”。利用被选项中的细节信息(A： romantic guys， B： sweet words; C： express feelings directly;D：roses)作为答案线索，在文章中查找与被选项形成呼应的句子，对被选项进行一一判断：
Yesterday was our three-year anniversary. We didn’t do anything romantic: we just walked hand in hand and talked about our past and future. This was pretty much what I had expected.
Andy is unromantic guy: no sweet words or roses. Smart as he is, he is a little bit shy expressing his love. In contrast, I am an outspoken(坦率直言的) girl who likes to show her feelings directly. So needless to say, I often feel that is insensitive. I envy(羡慕， 嫉妒) other girls who are surrounded by(被...围绕) sweet words.
第2段中出现了所有被选项中涉及到的细节信息，因此推测真正答案相关句应该出现在该段落中。该段第2个相关句(划线句)说“我是一个坦率直言的人， 我喜欢直接表达我的情感”， 该句内容与C 一致， 因此C是答案。
4. B. 解析： 选项B与文章标题/主题(His own way to express love)一致， 因此B是答案。
提示： 被选项的内容如果与文章主题一致， 或直接/间接包含文章主题， 则该被选项成为答案选项的可能性较大。
该题涉及文章主题， 文章第3段就是整篇文章的主题句(观点句):
(第3段)I was in this sullen(闷闷不乐的) mood(心情， 情绪) until(到...为止) I heard(听到) a beautiful(美丽的) sentence(句子)one day: “someone(某人, 有人) does not love you in the way(方式, 道路) you like, it does not mean(意味着) that he does not love you.” This simple(简单的) but sensible(有哲理的, 明智的) sentence made me think about(考虑) our happy(快乐的) days and recall(回忆) his deep(深切的, 深奥的, 深的) concern(关怀, 关心, 关心的事情) for me.
One cold winter night, I got a high fever. He hurried to my dorm and took me to the hospital. He was in such a hurry that he even forgot to wear socks. After arrival, he ran through the hospital handling all the formalities. When I was put on a drip, he told me interesting stories to make me happy. Being held in his warm arms and listening to his tender voice, I never felt so safe and comfortable. Gradually, I felt asleep. When I woke up 15 minutes later, he was still mumbling to me. He explained that if he had stopped talking I would have woke up. At that moment, I found love in his sparkling eyes.
Another time(另一次), I had a bad quarrel with(与.. 争吵) my best friend. Although I knew it was my fault, I refused to admit it. I was angry when he insisted I apologize to her. He said that it was difficult to admit a mistake, but this was what everyone should do. The next morning, I apologized to my friend and asked for her forgiveness.
My unromantic boyfriend cares about(担心) my health like my father, understand(理解) me like my mother and helps(帮助) me like my elder brother.(概括句)
第3段说“我一直闷闷不乐， 直到有一天我听到了一句动人的话语： 他爱你的方式可能你不喜欢， 但这并不意味着他不爱你， 这句简单而有哲理的话语使我想起我们快乐的时光， 回忆起他对我深切的关怀。”该段暗示Andy有自己表达爱的方式。接下来作者例举了两个具体的例子以论证他(Andy)表达爱的方式很特别。 文章最后一句是概括总结句， 该句再次暗示文章作者的男朋友拥有自己独特的表达爱的方式。
考点： 考察文章主题。
5. D. 解析： 问题句说“哪个被选项是第3段中sullen的最佳替代词?”。该题可以直接通过查字典确认sullen的词义为“闷闷不乐的”， D的含义最接近， 因此D是答案。
22、第3篇
Winged robot learns to fly
Learning how to fly took nature millions of years of trial and error – but a winged robot has cracked it in only a few hours, using the same evolutionary principles.
Krister Wolff and Peter Nordin of Chalmers University of Technology (CUT) in Gothenburg, Sweden, built a winged robot and set about testing whether it could fly by itself, without any pre-programmed(预先设定好的) data on what flapping is or how to do it.
To begin with, the robot just twitched and jerked(猛抽) erratically(不稳定地). But gradually, it made movements that gain height. After it cheated – simply standing on its wing tips was one early short cut. After three hours, however, the robot abandoned such methods in favor of a more effective flapping technique, where it rotated its wings through 90 degrees and raised them before twisting them back to the horizontal and pushing down.
“This tells us that this kind of evolution is capable of coming up with flying motion,” says Peter Bentley, who works on evolutionary computing at University College London. But while the robot had worked out how best to produce lift, it was not about to take off. “There’s only so much that evolution can do, ” Bentley says. “This thing is never going to fly because the motors will never have the strength to do it, ”he says.
The robots had metre-long wings made from balsa wood and covered with a light plastic film. Small motors on the robot let it move its wings forwards or backwards, up or down or twist them in either direction.
The team attached the robot to two vertical rods, so it could slide up and down. At the start of a test, the robot was suspended by an elastic band. A movement detector measured how much lift, if any, the robot produced for any given movement.
A computer program fed the robot random instructions, at the race of 20 per second, to test its flapping abilities. Each instruction told the robot either to do nothing or to move the wings slightly in the various directions.
Feedback from the movement detector let the program work out which sets of instructions were best at producing lift. The most successful ones were paired up and “offspring” sets of instructions were generated by swapping (交换) instructions randomly between successful pairs. These next-generation instructions were then sent to the robot and evaluated before breeding a new generation, and the process was repeated.
1. Which of the following is NOT true of what is mentioned about the winged robot in the second paragraph?
A. The two professors of CUT built the winged robot
B. The two professors of CUT tested whether the winged robot could learn to fly
C. The two professors of CUT programmed the data on how the robot flapped(拍打)its wings
D. The two professors of CUT tried to find out if the robot could fly by itself
2. How did the robot behave at the beginning of the test?
A. It rotated its wings through 90 degrees
B. It twitched(骤然一抽) but gradually gained height
C. It was twitched and broke down
D. It landed not long after the test
3. Which of the following is nearest to Peter Bentley’s view on the winged robot?
A. the winged robot could never really fly
B. the winged robot did not have a motor
C. the winged robot should go through further evolution before it could fly
D. the robot could fly if it were lighter
4. What measured how much lift the robot produced?
A. two vertical rods(杆)
B. a movement detector
C. an elastic (弹性的)band(带子)
D. both B and C
5. What does “the process ”appearing in the last paragraph refer to?
A. pairing up (把...配成对) successful instructions
B. sending instructions to the robot
C. generating new sets of instructions for evaluation
D. all the above
标准答案： C,B,A,B,D
解析：第3篇
Winged(有翼的) robot learns to fly
1. C。 分析：问题问“下面哪项与第2段中关于带有翅膀的机器人的说法不一致?”。既然指定了第2段，因此注意第2段。同时注意比较被选项：被选项都是关于“两个教授对机器人怎样”的话题，因此以two professors of CUT作为答案线索：(第2段)Krister Wolff and Peter Nordin of Chalmers University of Technology (CUT) in Gothenburg, Sweden, built a winged robot and set about (开始)testing whether (是否)it could fly by itself(独自地), without any pre-programmed(预先设定好的) data on what flapping is or how to do it. 该划线结构(含义是“没有对怎样进行翅膀拍打进行编程”)与C矛盾。
2. B。 分析：问题问“在实验的一开始机器人的行为是怎样的?做了什么动作?”利用问题句中的特征结构“at the beginning of the test”作为答案线索， 并注意被选择项中B和C都涉及到了twitch， 所以在文章中首先注意该词(首先重点注意B和C)，这样发现答案相关句：To begin with(与at the beginning of the test呼应), the robot just twitched and jerked(猛抽) erratically(不稳定地). But gradually, it made做出了 movements that gain(增加) height. (该句的含义与B的含义一致：首先是骤然一抽，然后逐渐升起)
3. A 分析：问题句说“下列哪项最接近Peter Bentley关于有翅膀的机器人的看法?”，利用题干中的特征词Peter Bentley作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
“This tells us that this kind of evolution(进化发展) is capable of (有可能)coming up with (随着..而出现)flying motion(运动),” says Peter Bentley, who works on (致力于..)evolutionary computing at University College London. But while the robot had worked out(计算出) how best to produce lift, it was not about to take off(起飞). “There’s only so much that evolution can do, ” Bentley says. “This thing is never going to fly (与A一致)because the motors will never have the strength (动力)to do it(与B不一致), ”he says. 以上的句子明确地提出“机器人飞不起来”。
4 B。 分析：问题问“什么测量机器人升起的高度?” 被选项是一些测量器材，利用被选项的内容作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：The team attached(系) the robot to two vertical rods, so it could slide (滑)up and down. At the start of a test, the robot was suspended (悬挂)by an elastic band. A movement detector measured how much lift, if any(如果能升起的话) , the robot produced for any given movement.
划线结构表明测量工具是B(运动探测器)
5 D。分析：该题的考点明确：考察段落中定冠词结构的指代内容。在最后一段中找到答案相关句：Feedback from the movement detector let the program work out which sets of instructions were best at producing lift. The most successful ones (指代前面的instructions)were paired up (配对)(与A相关)and “offspring” sets of instructions were generated by swapping (交换)instructions randomly(任意地) between successful pairs. These next-generation instructions were then sent to the robot (then 的出现暗示前面的内容还应该提到了一个具体的动作， 这个动作是先发生的， 也应该是这个过程中的一部分内容)and evaluated before breeding(培育) a new generation, and the process was repeated(重复).
以上的两个句子内容的表明这个被重复的过程包括“成功指令的配对”，包括“把下一代指令传送到机器人那里”， 包括“把这些指令进行评价”， 因此D是答案。
23、第五部分：补全短文(每题2分，共10分)
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放会文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置。
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