五级语法阅读详解。
表 原 因 的 介 词 of
for
from/out of
from
at of常与fond, proud, tired连用表情绪上的原因；
for表奖惩痛苦出名的原因，或内在心里的原因；
from/out of“出于某需要，动机，认识”等原因；
from还可指自然，直接的原因；
at常指感情上的原因。 I’m proud of having you as a friend.
He’s famous for his writing.
They are suffering from starvation.
She fell ill from drinking unclean water.
His mother is angry at his laziness.
表 方 式 的 介 词 by on/in
with
in
through by表“用交通工具”或表“发出某动作”；
on/in表用某交通工具；
with用具体的“工具、材料”或伴随“抽象事物”；
in用原料或语言；
through通过具体过程，途径，手段，中介。 I go to school by bus.
I go to school on a bike.
I write with a pen.
Can you say it in English?
I learned it through a friend.
(六)形容词、副词
1．形容词修饰名词/代词；副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，在句中可充当定语、状语、补语、表语。
序号 功用 词类 位置用法 例词/例句
1 定语 形容词 在中心词前 He’s a small Japanese boy.
副词 在中心词后 I’ve got used to the life here.
2 状语 形容词 句首/中，表原因/时间
句末/中，表伴随/结果 Tired and thirsty, we stopped to have a rest.
He lay in bed, awake.
副词 在被修饰词前、后修饰全句，位置灵活 You are quite right.
Sometimes he goes to school on foot.
3 表语 形容词
副词 系动词后 He is tired.
They are out.
4 补语 形容词 作主补在谓语后
作宾补在宾语后 The little boy was found dead.
He find it very useful.
副词 作主补在谓语后
作宾补在宾语后 She was seen out.
Let me show you out.
注意：
（1）the/these/those+形容词表示一类人/物；成对的形容词这样用时可省去the。
The rich are not always happy.
High and low all like this flower.
（2）“enough足够的”作定语时既可放在中心词前也可放在中心词后；但作副词时只能后置。
We have enough food to eat.
We have food enough to eat.
It’s warm enough.
（3）许多以前缀a-构成的形容词常作后置定语，这样的形容词有：awake, alone, alive, afraid, alike, asleep, ashamed等。
It is a book worth reading.
Do you know the man asleep over there?
（4）形容词修饰由some/any/no/every与one/body/thing构成的复合不定代词时，要后置。
I have something important to tell you.
（5）形容词（与其他词组/语构成的）短语作定语时要后置。
English is a language difficult to master.
（6）几个副词作状语并列时，位置一般按方式→地点→时间顺序排列。
He came here by air yesterday.
（7）几个形容词并列作表语时，并列的词之间用逗号隔开，最后两个词之间用and(but/yet)等连接，并列词的先后顺序较灵活（有时将强调的词放在最后）。
He is tall,dark and handsome.
2. 形容词、副词比较等级的构成及形式：
规 则 变 化 构 成 形 式
原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和少数以-er, -ow, -le, -y结尾的双音节词 一般 tall 加-er taller 加-est tallest
以不发音e结尾 noble 加-r nobler 加-st noblest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节 wet
big 双写最后辅音字母再加-er wetter
bigger 双写最后辅音字母再加-est wettest
biggest
辅音字母加-y结尾的词 easy
heavy 改y为i再加-er easier
heavier 改y为i再加-est easiest
heaviest
多音节词，多数双音节词及部分加-ly等变来或由分词变来的词 delicious
slowly
tired
tiresome 词前加more more delicious
more slowly
more tired
more tiresome 词前加most most delicious
most slowly
most tired
most tiresome
不 规 则 变 化 good
well better best
bad/ill
badly worse worst
many
much more most
little less least
old elder eldest
older oldest
far farther farthest
further furthest
late later latest
