2002 年 3 月考题
translation test (1) (30 minutes)
directions: translate the following passage into chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your answer booklet.
the line of demarcation between the adult and the child world is drawn in many ways. for instance, many american parents may be totally divorced from the church, or entertain grave doubts about the existence of god, but they send their children to SUNday school and help them to pray. american parents struggle in a competitive world where sheer cunning and falsehood are often rewarded and respected, but they feed their children with nursery tales in which the morally good is pitted against the bad, and in the end the good inevitably is successful and the bad inevitably punished. when american parents are in serious domestic trouble, they maintain a front of sweetness and light before their children. even if american parents suffer a major business or personal catastrophe getword("catastrophe"); , they feel obliged to turn to their children and say,” honey, everything is going to be all right.” this american desire to keep the children’s world separate from that of the adult is exemplified also by the practice of delaying transmission of the news to children when their parents have been killed in an accident. thus, in summary, american parents face a world of reality while many of their children live in a near-ideal unreal realm where the rules of the parental world do not apply, are watered down, or are even reversed.
分析：
① the line of demarcation between the adult and the child world is drawn in many ways.
译文：成人与儿童世界的划分是多方面的。 // 划分成人与儿童世界有很多方式。
考点： 转态译法：主被交换
② for instance, many american parents may be totally divorced from the church, or entertain grave doubts about the existence of god, but they send their children to sunday school and help them to pray.
译文：例如 / 比方说，许多美国家长可能跟教会毫无瓜葛 / 不信教，对上帝是否存在也不置可否 / 深表怀疑，然而他们却把孩子们送去主日学校（灌输宗教思想），并帮助他们祷告。
考点： 正反译法： be totally divorced from → 脱离（正译）
→与……毫无瓜葛
entertain grave doubt about →深表怀疑（正译）
→对……不置可否（反译）
divorce: separate sth from sth in a wrong way. 使脱离
may →可能
抽象译法： church →教会
转态译法：省略被动词： be totally divorced from → 脱离
entertain: hold sth in the mind or feelings 持有；抱着；怀有
eg. entertain ideas, doubts, etc. 持有想法；感到怀疑
名词词组译为分句： the existence of god →上帝是否存在
sunday school → 主日学校：通常与教堂或犹太教堂有紧密联系的学校，在星期日对儿童进行宗教教育。
③ american parents struggle in a competitive world where sheer cunning and falsehood are often rewarded and respected, but they feed their children with nursery tales (in which the morally good is pitted against the bad, and in the end the good inevitably is successful and the bad inevitably punished).
译文：美国家长在一个尔虞我诈备受推崇的竞争世界中努力打拼，却用童话故事敷衍 / 搪塞孩子们，故事 / 从中讲述正义与邪恶作斗争，最终总是善有善报、恶有恶报 / 正义取得胜利而邪恶受到惩罚。
考点： 具体译法：成语法： sheer cunning and falsehood → 尔虞我诈
转态译法：省略被动词： are often rewarded and respected → 备受推崇
is pitted →作斗争
the bad inevitably punished → 邪恶受到惩罚
定语从句的翻译：省略法/重复法
转性译法：形容词→名词 the good→ 正义 the bad→ 邪恶
形容词 →动词 the good inevitably is successful→ 善有善报；正义取得胜利
合词译法： rewarded and respected→ 备受推崇
nursery tale: fairy tale 童话故事
④ when american parents are in serious domestic trouble, they maintain a front of sweetness and light before their children.
译文：如果美国夫妻闹矛盾 / 在美国，夫妻失和时，他们在孩子面前却是一副其乐融融的样子。
考点： front: ⑴ out-ward appearance or show, esp. of the specified type 外表；样子；模样
put on/show/present a bold front → 装出大胆的样子
eg. her rudeness is just a front for her shyness. 她的粗暴只不过是掩盖她的怯懦而已。
⑵ a front for sth : something that serves to hide an illegal or a secret activity 幌子
eg. the jewellery firm is just a front for their illegal trade in diamonds. 珠宝商店正是他们进行钻石非法交易的庇护所。
⑶ （常与形容词或名词连用）领域；界 on the domestic, financial, education, etc. front 在家庭（财政、教育）领域
合词译法： sweetness and light →其乐融融；和蔼可亲
转性译法：名词→形容词 sweetness and light →其乐融融；和蔼可亲
⑤ even if american parents suffer a major business or personal catastrophe, they feel obliged to turn to their children and say,” honey, everything is going to be all right.”
译文：即便美国家长在生意场或日常生活中遭受沉重打击 / 一败涂地，他们也会义无反顾地对孩子们说：“亲爱的 / 宝贝，一切将会好起来的。”
考点： catastrophe: a complete failure; a fiasco: 大败；彻底的失败；惨败
（同）： disaster, calamity, cataclysm, blow, reverse, misfortune, affliction, adversity, tragedy, mishap, fiasco, flop （反）： triumph
⑥ this american desire to keep the children’s world separate from that of the adult is exemplified also by the practice of delaying transmission of the news to children when their parents have been killed in an accident.
译文一：如果父母在事故中丧生，人们总是晚些时候才告诉孩子们，这一点也证实了美国人想把儿童的世界和成人的世界隔离开的愿望。
译文二：美国人想把儿童和成人的世界划清界限，这一愿望还反映在以下事实：如果父母在事故中丧生，人们总是设法晚点将消息告诉他们的子女。
考点： 换序译法：宾语先行，主语置后。
转性译法：形容词→动词 separate →隔离；划清界线
名词→副词 practice →总是
转态译法：主被交换： is exemplified also by → 这一点也证实了
省略被动词： have been killed →丧生
exemplify （同）： illustrate, show, instance, demonstrate, exhibit, manifest, represent, embody
⑦ thus, in summary, american parents face a world of reality while many of their children live in a near-ideal unreal realm where the rules of the parental world do not apply, are watered down, or are even reversed.
译文：总而言之，美国父母们面对着现实的世界，而他们的子女却活在近乎完美 / 理想化的虚幻世界，在这个世界中，父母生活的世界中的规则统统不适用，而且规则的执行是要打折扣的 // 而且不可能完全执行，甚至两者背道而驰。
考点： 正反译法： unreal →不真实（正译）
→虚幻（反译）
watered down →打折扣（正译）
→不可能完全执行（反译）
water down: to reduce the strength or effectiveness of:
削弱：削减了…的力量或效力：
转性译法：名词→形容词 reality →现实的
转态译法：省略被动词： are watered down→ 是要打折扣的
are even reversed → 甚至两者背道而驰
translations test (2) (30 minutes)
directions: translate the following passage into english and write your version in the corresponding space in your answer booklet.
历史雄辩地说明，中美之间建立在平等互利基础上的劳动分工是最为合理和实用的国际关系。中国物美价廉的制成品源源不断地走上美国超级市场的货架，而美国的农产品、高新技术产品，连同跨国公司的资本和技术，滚滚不息地涌进中国内地。中国人民以其勤劳的双手，增进了美国的福祉，促使其产业升级换代；而北美这块广袤而又富饶的土地，也以其精华滋润和促进了中国的现代化进程。经贸合作是两国能够找到共同语言的最佳领域。以谋求共同利益来减少或淡化意识形态差异和利益冲突，过去是、今后更是双方寻求和平共处的必由之路。
分析：
① 历史雄辩地说明,（中美之间建立在平等互利基础上的）劳动分工是最为合理和实用的国际关系。
译文： history has proved incontrovertibly getword("incontrovertibly"); /eloquently that the division of labor based on equality and mutual benefit between china and usaconstitutes the most reasonable and practical international relationship.
考点： “是”在这里是“组成”的意思，应用 constitute
② 中国物美价廉的制成品源源不断地走上美国超级市场的货架，而美国的农产品、高新技术产品，连同跨国公司的资本和技术，滚滚不息地涌进中国内地。
译文： manufactured goods/manufactures with low price and fine quality/attractive in price and quality keep flowing from china to america’s supermarkets in a steady stream, while the agricultural products//farm produce/ products, (new and) high technology products, together with the capital and technology of the multinational/ transnational/ international corporations// multinationals are pouring into china’s mainland// the mainland of china// china’s interior.
考点： 成语的翻译：源源不断 → are flowing to
滚滚不息 →are pouring to
省词译法：高新技术→ high technology
③ 中国人民以其勤劳的双手，增进了美国的福祉，促使其产业升级换代；而北美这块广袤而又富饶的土地，也以其精华滋润和促进了中国的现代化进程。
译文： the industrious chinese people have improved american people’s well-being and the updating and upgrading of american industry, while the fine products//cream//quintessence from the vast and fertile land of north america has enriched and facilitated the modernization (process) of china.
考点： 抽象译法：以其勤劳的双手 → industrious
具体译法： 精华 → the fine products
industrious （同）： diligent, assiduous getword("assiduous"); , sedulous, hard-working, active, energetic, laborious, tireless, persistent, persevering, conscientious
fertile （同）： fecund, productive, fruitful, prolific, teeming, abundant, profuse, plentiful, luxuriant
福祉： ⑴happiness, blessing
⑵well-being
省词译法：现代化进程→ the modernization (process)
转性译法：动词→名词 升级换代 → the updating and upgrading
④ 经贸合作是两国能够找到共同语言的最佳领域。
译文： economic and trade cooperation is the best area for both countries to find common ground// where both countries can find common ground.
考点： 定语从句的翻译
抽象译法： 找到共同语言 → find common ground
⑤ 以谋求共同利益来减少或淡化意识形态差异和利益冲突，过去是、今后更是双方寻求和平共处的必由之路。
译文： it was and will be// remain to be indispensable// the only path for both countries to seek peaceful coexistence through striving for common interests to minimize or mitigate differences in ideology and conflicts of interests.
考点： seek （同）： pursue, be in pursuit/ quest of, strive for
外交专业讲法：减少→ minimize
淡化 →mitigate
转性译法：名词 → 形容词 必由之路 →indispensable
时态问题
换序译法
