《三级笔译实务》
1. 英译汉：节选自The New York Times，原文标题为：The Money Ran Out; Then the Villagers Stepped In
原文地址：http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/29/world/europe/spanish-village-in-debt-relies-on-volunteers.html
HIGUERA DE LA SERENA, Spain — It didn’t take long for Manuel García Murillo, a bricklayer who took over as mayor here last June, to realize that his town was in trouble. It was 800,000 euros, a little more than $1 million, in the red. There was no cash on hand to pay for anything — and there was work that needed to be done.
But then an amazing thing happened, he said. Just as the health department was about to close down the day care center because it didn’t have a proper kitchen, Bernardo Benítez, a construction worker, offered to put up the walls and the tiles free. Then, Maria José Carmona, an adult education teacher, stepped in to clean the place up.
And somehow, the volunteers just kept coming. Every Sunday now, the residents of this town in southwest Spain — young and old — do what needs to be done, whether it is cleaning the streets, raking the leaves, unclogging culverts or planting trees in the park.
“It was an initiative from them,” said Mr. García. “Day to day we talked to people and we told them there was no money. Of course, they could see it. The grass in between the sidewalks was up to my thigh. “
Higuera de la Serena is in many ways a microcosm of Spain’s troubles. Just as Spain’s national and regional governments are struggling with the collapse of the construction industry, overspending on huge capital projects and a pileup of unpaid bills, the same problems afflict many of its small towns.
But what has brought Higuera de la Serena a measure of fame in Spain is that the residents have stepped up where their government has failed. Mr. García says his phone rings regularly from other town officials who want to know how to do the same thing. He is serving without pay, as are the town’s two other elected officials. They are also forgoing the cars and phones that usually come with the job.
“We lived beyond our means,” Mr. García said. “We invested in public works that weren’t sensible. We are in technical bankruptcy.” Even some money from the European Union that was supposed to be used for routine operating expenses and last until 2013 has already been spent, he said.
Higuera de la Serena, a cluster of about 900 houses surrounded by farmland, and traditionally dependent on pig farming and olives, got swept up in the giddy days of the construction boom. It built a cultural center and invested in a small nursing home. But the projects were plagued by delays and cost overruns.
The cultural center still has no bathrooms. The nursing home, a whitewashed building sits on the edge of town, still unopened. Together, they account for some $470,000 of debt owed to the bank. But the rest of the debt is mostly the unpaid bills of a town that was not keeping up with its expenses. It owes for medical supplies, for diesel fuel, for road repair, for electrical work, for musicians who played during holidays.
Higuera de la Serena is not completely without workers. It still has a half-time librarian, two half-time street cleaners, someone part-time for the sports complex, a secretary and an administrator, all of whom are paid through various financing streams apart from the town. But the town once had a work force twice the size. And when someone is ill, volunteers have to step in or the gym and sports complex — open four hours a day — must close.
2. 汉译英：节选自******在博鳌亚洲论坛2011年会开幕式演讲>>>
10年来，中国经济持续快速发展，经济实力、综合国力、人民生活水平迈上新的台阶，国家面貌发生举世瞩目的历史性变化，为促进亚洲和世界经济增长作出了重要贡献。
中国虽然取得了举世瞩目的发展成就，但仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家，经济社会发展面临巨大的人口、资源、环境压力，发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续问题依然突出。
2011年，中国开始实施国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要，提出了今后5年中国经济社会发展的总体任务。
未来5年，中国将着力实施扩大内需特别是消费需求的战略，建立长效机制，释放消费潜力，着力促进经济增长向依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变。
中国将着力实施“走出去”战略，引导各类所有制企业有序到境外投资，积极开展有利于改善当地基础设施和人民生活的项目合作。中国将着力参与全球经济治理和区域合作，推动国际经济金融体系改革，推动建立均衡、普惠、共赢的多边贸易体制，反对各种形式的保护主义，促进国际经济秩序朝着更加公正合理的方向发展。
二级笔译：
《二级笔译实务》
1. 英译汉第一篇：节选自The New York Times，原文标题为：Ancient Arab Shipwreck Yields Secrets of Ninth-Century Trade
原文地址：http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/08/arts/08iht-singshow08.html
For more than a decade, archaeologists and historians have been studying the contents of a ninth-century Arab dhow that was discovered in 1998 off Indonesia’s Belitung Island. The sea-cucumber divers who found the wreck had no idea it eventually would be considered one of the most important maritime discoveries of the late 20th century.
The dhow was carrying a rich cargo — 60,000 ceramic pieces and an array of gold and silver works — and its discovery has confirmed how significant trade was along a maritime silk road between Tang Dynasty China and Abbasid Iraq. It also has revealed how China was mass-producing trade goods even then and customizing them to suit the tastes of clients in West Asia.
“Shipwrecked: Tang Treasures and Monsoon Winds,” at the new, lotus-shaped ArtScience Museum designed by Moshe Safdie, presents items from the Belitung wreck. Curated by the Asian Civilisations Museum here and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery in Washington, the show is expected to travel to museums around the world over the next five to six years.
“This exhibition tells us a story about an extraordinary moment in globalization,” said Julian Raby, director of the Smithsonian’s Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery. “It brings to life the tale of Sinbad sailing to China to make his fortune. It shows us that the world in the ninth century was not as fragmented as we assumed. There were two great export powers: the Tang in the east and the Abbasid based in Baghdad.”
Until the Belitung find, historians had thought that Tang China traded primarily through the land routes of Central Asia, mainly on the Silk Road. Ancient records told of Persian fleets sailing the Southeast Asian seas but no wrecks had been found, until the Belitung dhow. Its cargo confirmed that a huge volume of trade was taking place along a maritime route, said Heidi Tan, a curator at the Asian Civilisations Museum and a curator of the exhibition.
Mr. Raby said: “The size of the find gives us a sense of two things: a sense of China as a country already producing things on an industrialized scale and also a China that is no longer producing ceramics to bury.” He was referring to the production of burial pottery like camels and horses, which was banned in the late eighth century. “Instead, kilns looked for other markets and they started producing tableware and they built an export market.”
2. 英译汉第二篇：同样节选自The New York Times，原文标题为：E.U. Signals Big Shift on Genetically Modified Crops
原文地址：http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/10/business/energy-environment/10green.html
Madeira is more than 500 kilometers from the African coast and is officially one of the “outermost regions” of the European Union. Despite that far-flung status, Madeira catapulted into the center of the Union’s agricultural and environmental affairs last year when Portugal asked the European Commission for permission to impose an unprecedented ban on growing biotech crops there.
Last week, the commission quietly let the deadline pass for opposing Portugal’s request, allowing Madeira, which is one of Portugal’s autonomous regions, to become the first E.U. territory to get formal permission from Brussels to remain entirely free of genetically modified organisms. Madeira now will probably go ahead and implement the ban, a spokeswoman for the Portuguese government said Friday.
Individual European countries and regions have banned certain genetically modified crops before. Many consumers and farmers in countries like Austria, France and Italy regard the crops as potentially dangerous and likely to contaminate organically produced food. But the case of Madeira represents a significant landmark, because it is the first time the commission, which runs the day-to-day affairs of the European Union, has permitted a country to impose such a sweeping and definitive rejection of the technology.
The Madeirans’ main concerns focused on preserving the archipelago’s biodiversity and its forest of subtropical laurel trees. Such forests, known as laurisilva, were once widespread on the European mainland but were wiped out thousands of years ago during an earlier period of climate change. That has left Madeira with “much the largest extent of laurel forest surviving in the world, with a unique suite of plants and animals,” according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, which named the Madeiran laurisilva a World Heritage Site in 1999. The forest also is a growing attraction for tourists, who make up a significant portion of Madeira’s earnings.
In seeking to ban biotechnology on Madeira, the Portuguese government told the commission that it would be impossible to separate crops containing genetically engineered material from other plant life. The “risk to nature presented by the deliberate release of GMOs is so dangerous and poses such a threat to the environmental and ecological health of Madeira, that it is not worthwhile risking their use, either directly in the agricultural sector or even on an experimental basis,” the Portuguese told the commission.
4. 汉译英第一篇：稀土资源
4. 汉译英第二篇：节选自2011年全国人大常委会工作报告
中国特色社会主义法律体系的形成，总体上解决了有法可依的问题。在这种情况下，有法必依、执法必严、违法必究的问题就显得更突出、更紧迫。这也是广大人民群众和社会各方面普遍关注的问题。因此，我们要采取以下措施，切实保障宪法和法律的有效实施。
一要维护宪法和法律的权威和尊严。一切国家机关、武装力量、各政党、各社会团体、各企事业单位都必须遵守宪法和法律，任何组织或者个人都不得有超越宪法和法律的特权。
二要坚持依法行政和公正司法。国家行政机关要严格按照法定权限和程序办事，加快建设法治政府。国家审判机关、检察机关要依法独立公正行使审判权、检察权，维护社会公平正义。
三要增强全社会的法律意识和法治观念。让各级领导干部和国家机关工作人员带头遵守宪法和法律，善于运用法律解决现实生活中的实际问题，让广大人民群众懂得依法按程序表达利益诉求、解决矛盾纠纷，用法律武器维护自身的合法权益。
三级口译：
《三级口译实务》
英译汉第一篇讲的是加中贸易关系，很中肯的叙述，说了说加拿大是第一个与中国建立外交关系的西方国家，加中贸易的发展迅速，两国人民关系更为紧密;改革开 放之后中国经济社会得到了大的发展;中国与加拿大未来发展的方向，要打破传统，不局限于贸易与投资，要加大在其它地方的合作。
英译汉第二篇讲的是经济环境的影响。一开始说一些人在经济环境较好(利率低，通货膨胀率低)的时候，往往忘记风险的存在，一心想投资赚钱。一些人已经获得较大利益的人、机构，往往盲目地寻求获得更大、更多的利益。这就带来了一些负面影响。美国房地产业就是一个例子。一开始，贷款机构信贷门槛低，人们很容易得到贷款去买房子。但后来当房价停止上涨、人们对其需求降低时，银行等贷款机构就发现很多人没法偿还贷款，影响了国际金融体系稳定性。现在一些急需贷款的个人与企业发现自己很难从银行等机构中得到贷款，这阻碍了经济的发展，并最终导致一场全球性的金融危机。现在各国正从危机中不断恢复，但是危机的影响依然存在。新兴经济体国家也受到影响，特别是出口驱动型的新兴经济体。亚洲一些国家，由于外来投资减少、国际需求水平降低，其经济发展减缓，其证券、债券市场也受到影响。历史证明，新兴国家不能脱离发达国家独自发展。在全球贸易与投资体系下，太平洋两岸的国家是紧密相连的。美国的快速发展离不开亚洲国家的发展，亚洲的发展也依赖于美国的强劲发展。因此我们要加强全方位合作、重建对国际金融体系的信心，促进经济发展。
汉译英第一篇讲的是境外非政府组织在中国。现在有许多全球性的问题出现。NGO正不断发展，并在促进各国发展以及世界和平方面作出了贡献。30多年来，境外NGO与中国在多方面加强合作，包括扶贫、抗击疾病、环境保护、医疗卫生、社会福利等方面。境外NGO以其强大的专业性、友好与热情给中国人民留下深刻印象。境外NGO在人才、管理与资金方面有着优势，在中国有用武之地。中国政府一贯欢迎、支持境外NGO在中国开展各种活动。中国相关部门正在抓紧时间制定各种法律，放宽政策，支持境外NGO在中国的工作。中国希望境外NGO在中国遵守宪法、法律与规章，不要支持任何有损国家统一、民族团结、国家安全的事情，不要组织任何与政治、宗教等方面的违法活动。最后文章说了一下，希望境外NGO继续与中国合作。
英译汉第二篇讲的是改革开放。在发布改革开放政策前，有必要制定路线图与时间表。路线图与时间表的制定有助于提高政府的公信力。现今的改革开放与1978年相比，更加困难。所遇到的一些问题是1978年改革开放没有遇到的。1978年时，中国处于贫穷落后状态，当时改革开放提出后得到了人民的大力拥护。现在一些权贵利益团体的出现，阻碍了改革开放的道路。后面讲了重建政府公信力问题。
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