我们常常听人家说:不要把介词(prepositions)放在句尾,以免削弱句子的气势。
实际上,英语的介词是可以在句尾出现的;有时还是非在句尾不可。请看这句:
“I may give you financial aid. But it all depends on what the money is for .”
这句话的介词“for”在句尾出现。如果把“for”移到宾语之前,就不合句法了:
“……But it all depends on for what the money is.”
这么看来,英语介词是可以放在句尾的。既然如此,在什么情况下,英语介词才可以放在句尾呢?
常见的情况有下面4 种:
㈠当疑问代词或疑问副词作为介词的宾语时,理论上要在介词后面出现,但在实际用法上,它被转移到疑问句前头,介词则留在句尾。例如:
① What are you dreaming of?
② Where are you from?
①不能改为“Are you dreaming of what?”也不能是“Of what are you dreaming?”②不是“Are you from where?”,更不是“ From where are you?”
㈡介词不能移到限定性形容词分句中的关系代词(the relative pronoun in the restricted adjective clause)之前;因此,我们可以③表示心意,但不能用④这样的句子:
③ Is this the book that you asked me for?
④ Is this the book for that you asked me?
同样的,⑤是对的,⑥是错的:
⑤ This is the goal that we are striving towards.
⑥ This is the goal towards that we are striving.
㈢在不可分开的片语动词(the inseparable phrasal verb)里,如果介词在句尾,也只好随遇而安,不便移动。例如:
⑦ This is something which I refuse to put up with.
⑧ Such a matter should be immediately dealt with.
⑨ An 8% increase in salary is not to be sniffed at.
⑩ The rising cost is really a thing to be reckoned with.
㈣当带介词的不定式动词修饰名词而又出现在句尾时,这介词只好保留在原位。例如:
11. David is a nice person to work with.
12. I like to have someone to talk to.
13. This is not a comfortable place to live in.
14. Give me a good pen to write with.
15. Is this a box to put coins in?
16. There is some useful information for you to refer to.