一个完整的句子有两部分,即主语(subject)和谓语( predicate)。两部分不齐全或句中有省略之处,就叫省略句。省略句是英语,尤其是英语口语中常见的一种现象。
句子中的主语或谓语成分,在恰当情况下,都可以省略。
下列 7 种情况,可以有省略句:
⒈省略主语,如:
① Thank you very much.
② Please come in !
①里的“I”被省略;②里的“You”被省略。这种省略是必要的、正确的。
⒉省略谓语动词和其他成分,如:
③ Youth is the time for sowing; age, reaping.
④ He comes to class earlier than I.
③里省略了“age”后头的“is the time for”;④里比较副词分句的谓语“come to class”不见了。当然。我们也可以用助动词 “do”:“……than I do.”
⒊省略接系动词“Be”,如:
⑤ Mary is as tall as John.
⑥ His mind is alert ; his energy, unbounded.
⑤里“John”后头的“is”省掉了;⑥里的“unbounded”之前的“is”也省了,而以逗号取代。
⒋省略补足语,如:
⑦ X: Are you all right?
Y: Yes , I am.
⑧ Jack is not fond of talking; nor am I.
⑦里“am”后头的补足语(complement)“all right”和⑧里 “I”后面的“fond of talking”都全被省略了。
⒌省略宾语,如:
⑨ X: Who can do it?
Y: I don't know.
⑨里当宾语的名词从句(who can do it)从及物动词“know” 的后头消失了。
⒍省略主动词及其宾语,如:
⑩ Your classmates can study Chinese. Why can't you?
主动词“study”和宾语“Chinese”从疑问句“Why can't you ”后头溜走了。