make sb. do sth. 使某人干某事
make意为“使”时,其后要有不带to的动词不定式。
例如:He made me work ten hours a day. 他迫使我每天工作10小时。
注意:上句如改为被动语态,则work 前的to不能省略。例如:I was made to work ten hours a day.
上个星期天爸爸让我做了一天的作业。
neither…nor… 既不……也不……
当连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与邻近的主语取得一致(就进一致原则)。例如:
Neither we nor Jack knows him. 我们和杰克都不认识他。
He neither knows nor cares what happened. 他对发生的事情不闻不问。
not…until… 直到……才
until后可跟名词或从句,表示时间。例如:He didn't come until late in the evening.他直到晚上很迟才来。He didn’t arrive until the game had begun. 直到比赛开始他才来。
昨晚我直到做完作业才睡觉。Last night, I didn't go to bed .
sb. pays money for sth. 某人花钱买某物
此句型主语是人。I've already paid 2,000 yuan for the motor bike. 我已经花了2000元买这辆摩托车。
spend time/money on sth./(in)doing sth. 花费(时间、钱)在某事上\做某事
其中in可以省略,通常主语为“人”。例如:
I spent five yuan on this book. 我在这本书上花了五元钱。
I spent two hours (in)doing my homework yesterday. 昨晚我花了两个小时做作业。
so…that… 太……以至于……
用于复合句,that引导的是结果状语从句。so是副词,后面应接形容词或副词,如果接名词,应用such. 例如:The ice is so thin that you can't walk on it. 冰太薄了,你不能在上面走。He is such a kind man that we all like him. 他是一个非常好的人,我们都很喜欢他。
stop to do sth. stop doing sth.
stop to do sth. 意为“停下来做某事”。stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”例如:
The teacher is coming. Let's stop talking. 老师来了,咱们别说话了。
You're too tired. You’d better stop to have a rest. 你们太累了,最好停下来休息一会儿。
Thank you for doing sth. 感激你做了……
For之后除了加动名词doing外,还可以加名词。例如:
Thank you for giving me the present. 谢谢你给我的礼物。
Thank you for your help. (Thank you for helping me.) 谢谢你的帮助。
thanks to 多亏……;由于……
thanks后的s不能省略,to是介词。例如:Thanks to my friend Jim, I've worked out this problem. 多亏了我朋友吉姆的帮助,我已经解决了这个问题。
There be句型
①在此结构中,there是引导词,在句中不能充当任何成分,也不必翻译出来。句中的主语是某人或某物,谓语动词be要与主语的数保持一致。例如:There is a man at the door. 门口有一个人。
当主语是由两个或者两者以上的名词充当时,谓语动词be要跟它邻近的那个名词的数一致(就近一致)。例如:There are two dogs and a cat under the table.桌下有两只狗和一只猫。 比较:There is a cat and two dogs under the table.
②There be 句型中的be不能用have来代替,但可以用lie(位于,躺),stand(矗立),exist(生存),live(生活)等词来替换。例如:There stand a lot of tall buildings on both sides of the street. 街道两旁矗立着许多高楼。
There lies lake in front of our school. 我们学校前面有一个湖。
Once there lived a king here. 这儿曾经有一个国王。
There is going to be a sports meeting next week. 下周准备开一个运动会。
与there be 类似的结构:there seem(s)/happen(s)to be…
There seems to be one mistake in spelling. 似乎有一处拼写错误。
There happened to be a ruler here. 这儿碰巧有把尺子。
There seemed to be a lot of people there. 那儿似乎有很多人。