该题目题干为简答题形式,但题后给出了备选项,又看似匹配题题型。但若要将其作为匹配题解答,会陷入一个两难境地:用题干定位则信息太长,用选项定位则信息过多。这个题目让很多同学感觉无从下手。
我们换个角度来考虑:题干形式是五个问题,根据题目描述可知原文有提及一份调查问卷(a questionnaire),那么我们不妨回原文先定位一下questionnaire这个词。查找后发现,questionnaire一词出现在文章第四段落的第二句话中:Secondary school children were asked to complete a questionnaire containing five open-form questions. 而本句中的“five open-form questions”很明显将在文中引起一个并列型结构,且数字5恰巧对应题干问题的数量。这种吻合显然不会单纯是个巧合,这里就是该题目出题位置。
因此,接下来,我们迅速在文中找出这个并列型结构的层次位置:
First question位于第四段落第三句话:The most frequent responses to the first question were descriptions which are self-evident from the term ‘rainforest’.
Second question 位于第四段落第五句话:The second question concerned the geographical location of rainforests.
Third question 在文章的第五段落首句:Responses to question three concerned the importance of rainforests.
Fourth question 位于文章第七段落首句:The fourth question concerned the causes of the destruction of rainforests.
Fifth question在文章第九段首句:In answer to the final question about the importance of rainforest conservation, the majority of children simply said that we need rainforest to survive.
找到五个问题后,与题干做对比发现:Question 9出题对应原文第二个问题,即热带雨林的地理位置,回原文找到原句答案The commonest response were continents or countries: Africa (given by 43% of children)…,所以答案选择M(热带雨林在非洲);Question 10出题对应原文第三个问题,即热带雨林的重要性,原文给出答案句为The dominant idea, raised by 64% of the pupils, was that rainforests provide animals with habitats.,因此答案选择E(没有了热带雨林,动物将无处居住);Question 11出题对应原文第四个问题,即热带雨林破坏的原因,原文对应句答案Perhaps encouragingly, more than half of the pupils (59%) identified that it is human activities which are destroying rainforests…,答案对应选项G(人类对热带雨林的消失负有责任);Question 12出题对应原文第五个问题,即保护热带雨林的重要性,原文原句答案(we need rainforests to survive)对应选项P(我们需要热带雨林来继续存在下去);而最后一个问题Question 13按照顺序原则定位在文章第九段后半部分中,根据题干特殊信息unexpectedly uncommon和newspapers and television,分别对应第九段第三句中的This is surprising和media两词,可断定题目问题所对应的答案句应为第九段第二句:Only a few of the pupils (6%) mentioned that rainforest destruction may contribute to global warming,本句提及了全球变暖现象,因此答案为选项J(随着热带雨林的消失,世界会变得越来越热)。
如此逻辑性的并列层次分析,使得看起来极为复杂的题目,解答起来得心应手。在其他剑桥真题中也不乏可以利用并列型结构帮助解题的文章,如上文提到过的剑7 Test 3 Passage 3的Questions 34-39,以及剑5 Test 1 Passage 3的Questions 33-37、剑8 Test 4 Passage 3的Questions 31-36及Questions 37-40等等。同学们不妨尝试利用并列型结构分析,来辅助题目的解答过程,这样做不仅可以更加精准的定位题目的出题位置,更能够帮助同学们理解文章的整体篇章逻辑,进而达到既读懂了文章又做对了题目的完美状态。