Part II
Notes to Reading Passage 1
1. Lateral
(adj.) 侧面的;横(向)的。
lateral thinking
侧向/横向思维模式：一种通过使用自己的想象力，而不是凭借逻辑分析或其它传统的思维模式来思考起先不明显的解决问题之办法。
2. sensor.
n. 传感器;灵敏元件。
flow sensor 流量传感器。
3. proceedings
n. (复数) 记录, 纪要，学报，年报; 汇编。
本词在文章里的意思为“国家科学院年报，科学文献汇编”。
4. stimulate
v 刺激, 激励。
e.g. Alcohol stimulates the action of the heart. 酒刺激心脏的活动。
Exercise stimulates the flow of blood. 体操促进血液流动。
5. shoaling
n. 浅滩, 沙洲, 鱼群。
shoaling fish 浅水鱼。
6. herring
n. 青鱼, 鲱 鱼 。
a red herring 熏青鱼 。
7. filaments
n. 细丝, 灯丝。
8. feed
v. 送料, 加水; .供给(with); 加进(原料)…。
本词在文章里的意思为 “把数据输入电脑”。
9. pulsing
n. 脉冲调制, 脉冲的产生, 脉 [波、搏] 动。
air pulsing气动脉冲, 脉冲运动。
10. decipher
v. 译解 (密码等)。
11. array
n. 排列, 编队, 军队。
本词在文章里的意思为 “传感器方阵，传感器组合元件”。
12. vortices (单数) , vortex (复数)
n. 旋涡, 旋风, 涡流。
13. wake
n.(船后的)航迹，尾波,(飞机后面的)尾流，尾波。
in the wake 接踵而至;在…之后。
e.g. The truck left clouds of dust in its wake.车后扬起了一阵尘土。
the psychic trauma in the wake of the 9-11 terrorist attack.
9-11恐怖袭击之后产生于人们的心理创伤。
14. cylinder
n. 圆筒, 圆柱体, 汽缸, 柱面。
本词在文章里的意思为“由于周围旋涡而形成的水柱”。
15. vane
n . 风向标, 风环; (螺旋桨的) 翼, 叶片。
16. whirlwind .
n. 旋风, 旋流; 旋涡。
17. unruffled
adj. 不起皱的, 不骚动的, 不混乱的, 安静的。
本词在文章里的意思为“那些置于旋涡中间，风眼周围的传感器保持不动状态”。
18. eye of storm
风吹来的方向, 风眼，风的中心。
19. flutter
v. 振翅; 飘动, 鼓翼.
e.g. The flag fluttered in the wind.旗帜在风中飘扬。
20. turn up
把声音开大;把力量加大。
21. ping
n. 子弹飞过空中的声音, 砰砰声。
22. dead
adj. 突然的, 绝对的, 完全的。
e.g. a dead certainty绝对确实。
23. giveaway
n. 泄漏机密。
本词在文章里的意思为“无意中发出的任何形式的声音都会泄露军情或军事秘密”。
24. stationary
adj. .固定的;不动的。
25. ipod
iPod =Inductive Potential Divider 电感性电位分压器; 苹果牌 MP3/4 媒体播放器。
本词在文章里的意思为“安装有横向系统的MP3/4能够根据地铁火车或类似体积大，噪音高的物体高速运动时产生的气流的大小来自动提高(放声)音量”。
26. pump up
v. 抽空, 抽干, 注满, 打满, 加足马力。
e.g. He pumped up his tires. 他给车胎打足了气。
27. onrushing
adj. 汹涌奔流的, 风驰电掣般的(气流)。
28. brush
n.(常与with连用)小冲突, 小的遭遇战。
e.g. a brush with the police与警察发生的小冲突。
本词在文章里的意思为“与大自然的一次较量，对大自然形成的挑战”。
Part III
Keys to the Questions 1-14
1. iv
Explanation
See the first two sentences in Section A “Inventors have long tried to copy nature. Most, though, have looked to the skies and the land, rather than the sea, for inspiration”.
2. v
Explanation
See the first sentence in the Section B “Although fish can see and hear, they also rely a lot on a series of flow sensors strung along the sides of their bodies.”.
3. x
Explanation
See the first two sentences in Section C “The cells detect subtle water movements, and from the different times that the individual cells are stimulated by these movements the fish‘s brain is able to reconstruct an image of what caused them in the first place.”.
4. iii
Explanation
See the first two sentences in Section D“Dr Liu‘s artificial lateral line was somewhat shorter than a natural one…The sensors themselves contained heated filaments and worked by recording how quickly the heat was lost”.
5. viii
Explanation
See the sentences in Section F “Instead of heated filaments, these sensors have artificial hairs… Heating filaments in water causes bubbles to form, so turning the power up too much stops them working. Hair sensors do not suffer from the same upper limit”.
6. i
Explanation
See the first sentence in each paragrph of Section G“Artificial lateral lines would have many applications. Dr Liu also speculates about using lateral lines to detect air-movements”.
7. TRUE
Explanation
See the first two sentences in Section A“Inventors have long tried to copy nature. Most, though, have looked to the skies and the land, rather than the sea, for inspiration”.
8. FALSE
Explanation
See the last sentence in Section A “Submarines, for example, use the familiar human senses of sight and sound to build images of their surroundings”.
9. TRUE
Explanation
See the second sentence in Section C“The cells detect subtle water movements.”
10. NOT GIVEN
Explanation
See the last two sentences in Section C “Blind a shoaling fish such as a herring and it can still follow its mates. Cut its lateral lines and it rapidly gets lost”.
11. FALSE
Explanation
See the first two sentences in Section G “Artificial lateral lines would have many applications.The most obvious would be in submarines,both manned and unmanned.”
12. TRUE
Explanation
See the last two sentences in Section G “A lateral-line system could. The vortices thrown off by water moving past even a stationary object would be visible to it.”
13 .C
Explanation
See the fourth sentence in Section D “The faster that water moved past a filament, the quicker the filament lost heat.”
14 D
Explanation
See the last two sentences in the first paragraph of Section E “A lateral-line system could. The vortices thrown off by water moving past even a stationary object would be visible to it.”
