阅读
1.一个作家以高雅的描绘而著称,但是却忽略了她subject to matters的特性。她总是被认为描写一个高雅的东西,但实际上她描写了很多穷人和下等阶级。
2.科学家一直认为comet 上的温度是零度,(转折)但是新的发现通过2个技术(有题,3选2,选这2个技术)觉得温度不会是零度, (再次转折), 很多astronaut 坚持认为是零度,并且反驳这个新的发现。
3.长篇(4道题):全球变冷,which is result from the same reason of 全球变暖(有题,答案就是全球变暖和全球变冷都来自一个原因,好像原因就是二氧化碳),然后又说全球变暖主要是在晚上和冬天,而全球变冷体现在past 40years 的day time temperature 下降了0.5度(有题)。
第二段是全球变冷地球whole 变冷,而是balance the temperature between 一个地方 with 另一个地方,然后说全球变冷在中高纬度的北美地区是different的(有题)。
第三段讲什么忘了。
4. 森林化减少二氧化碳,通过重新种树,或者在以前没树的地方种树来森林化,但是通过这2个技术产生的森林是vulnerable的,然后又说森林的bettles,因为气候warm了,所以更多,更活跃,产生更多的二氧化碳(有题),然后又说第二种技术会涉及到很多其他的阻碍因素,比如农民选择什么样的树来种植,怎么样来栽培,还有经济利益,政策等等。(农民种树这个地方有题)。
补充一下 森林化那篇是JJ。。文章如下:
Globally, the combination of reforestation and afforestation activities could reduce atmospheric CO2 concentrations by as much as 30 parts per million (ppm) this century (House et al. 2002). However, this potential mitigation is limited by many factors. One is the vulnerability of forests to increased disturbances, including those caused by pathogens, droughts, fires, and storms (Galik and Jackson 2009). For example, the mountain pine beetle is projected to convert 374,000 square kilometers (km2) of pine forest from a small net carbon sink to a large carbon source in Alberta alone, liberating 1 billion tCO2e to the atmosphere (Kurz et al. 2008). Climate change is another factor that could limit the potential for carbon sequestration in forests. The mountain pine beetle in Alberta is thriving in part because of warmer minimum temperatures in the winter and warmer and drier summers. A third potential limitation is landowner behavior in private-sector forestry, including decisions on what species to plant and how intensely to manage forests. Private forestry competes economically with agriculture, urban development, and other land uses. Landowner decisions will therefore dictate the success of some climate policy efforts, a topic we explore next.