| Reading Passage 3 | |
| Title: | Amusia 失乐症 |
| Question types: | 单选题 Yes/No/Not Given Matching (sentence completion) |
| 文章内容回顾 | 讲一种对音乐有先天疾病的人群，分析了这种人的典型特征。整篇文章在寻找Amusia产生的原因，各种人的各种实验，科学家还只是在猜测。 |
| 英文原文阅读 | Amusia is a musical disorder that appears mainly as a defect in processing pitch, but it also encompasses musical memory and recognition. Two main classifications of amusia exist: acquired amusia, which occurs as a result of brain damage, and congenital amusia, which results from a music processing anomaly at birth. Studies have shown that congenital amusia is a deficit in fine-grained pitch discrimination and that 4% of the population suffers from this disorder. Acquired amusia, on the other hand, may take several forms. Patients with brain damage may experience the loss of ability to produce musical sounds while sparing speech, much like aphasics lose speech selectively but can sometimes still sing. Other forms of amusia may affect specific sub-processes of music processing. Current research has demonstrated between rhythm, melody and emotional processing of music, and amusia may include impairment Symptoms Symptoms of amusia are generally categorized as receptive, clinical, or mixed. Symptoms of receptive amusia, sometimes referred to as "musical deafness", include the inability to recognize familiar melodies, the loss of ability to read musical notation, and the inability to detect wrong or out-of tune notes. Clinical, or expressive, symptoms include the loss of ability to sing, write musical notation, and/or play an instrument. A mixed disorder would be a combination of expressive and receptive impairment. Clinical symptoms of acquired amusia are much more variable than those of congenital amusia and are determined by the location and nature of the lesion. Brain injuries may afflict motor or expressive functioning, including the ability to sing, whistle, or hum a tune (oral-expressive amusia), the ability to play an instrument (instrumental amusia or musical apraxia), and the ability to write music (musical agraphia). Additionally, brain damage to the receptive dimension affects the faculty to discriminate tunes (receptive or sensorial amusia), the ability to read music (musical alessia), and the ability to identify songs that were familiar prior to the brain damage (amnesic amusia). Research suggests that patients with amusia also have difficulty when it comes to spatial processing. Amusics performed more quickly than normal individuals on a combined task of both spatial and musical processing tasks, which is most likely due to their deficit. Normal individuals experience interference due to their intact processing of both musical and spatial tasks, while amusics do not. Pitch processing normally depends on the cognitive mechanisms that are usually used to process spatial representations. Those with congenital amusia show impaired performance on discrimination, identification and imitation of sentences with intonational differences in pitch direction in their final word. This suggests that amusia can in subtle ways impair language processing. |
| 题型难度分析 | 这篇文章较难懂，出现了很多关于大脑器官的词汇，进行了很多实验。题型中的第三个句子完成配对较难，难定位，同义转换较多。 |
| 题型技巧分析 | 选择题的做题步骤： 一、阅读指令 (Instruction) 这一步骤主要是针对多项选择而言的。单项选择题的指令没有任何作用，可以忽略不看。而在多项选择题中，指令中会提示正确选项的数量。在誊写答题卡的时候，一定要注意多项选择题的题号，一个正确选项占用一个题号。这一点对于初次接触雅思的考生来说要特别引起注意。 二、阅读题干，划出定位词 由于选择题考察细节的特点，故题干中的词往往能够提供定位。 三、阅读选项，划出核心词 在寻找正确答案之前，一定要事先通读选项，因为选项提供了对原文正确或者是错误的同义转换。但是由于选项较长，不可能一次性全部记住，所以有必要把选项里的核心词划出来，这样可以减轻记忆负担，并且更加有针对性地做题。 四、找到相关句子段落，摆脱干扰找到答案 这是做题的最后一个步骤，也是最重要的步骤。由于选择项的干扰性往往很强，所以对找到的相关句子或段落一定要仔细阅读，排除错误选项。甄别干扰项这一步骤是考生解题的关键，很多考生往往对几个选项犹豫不决，经常跳进题目的陷阱。一般说来，干扰项有如下几个类别： 1、数字陷阱 选择题的特点便是选项进行深度的同义转换。但是如果个别选项中出现了数字，往往意味着这个数字直接来源于文章，没有进行任何同义替换。这种干扰选项对于根本读不懂原文的考生有着致命的诱惑力，因为只有数字是熟悉的，其它的单词都读不懂。数字选项中，数字在文章中都有提及，但经常是通过移花接木的形式出现的，以干扰考生的注意力。 2、相似陷阱 同理，如果题目中出现的个别单词与原文中的用词一模一样，尤其是一些经常被同义替换掉的动词、形容词等，这个选项往往就是干扰选项。 3、偷换概念陷阱 有时候选项中虽然与文中有对应的词，但选项中偷换了关键性的成分（如谓语部分），使得答案错误。 4、搭配不当陷阱 这是最具有诱惑性的选项。这种选项的特点是：选项本身是正确的，但是跟题干却不能形成搭配关系。很多考生看到选项和原文内容相似，甚至还有同义转换，便毫不犹豫地选择了这样的干扰项。 |
| 剑桥雅思推荐原文练习 | 剑8 Test1 Passage 3 |
| 考试趋势分析和备考指导： 从这次考试的题型来看，配对题仍旧是较多的题型，这次出现了一方是特殊定位词的配对和句子配对，尤其后者较难，不易定位，同时又有较多同义转换，因此这类型题极其考验考生的耐心和细心，以及语言功底。这类题在剑6-8都是相对较多的题型，建议考生好好练习，总结常见的同义转换词。除了配对外，经典题型判断同样有，而且有两篇文章出现了。其次是填空题。因此考生在后半年复习阅读时仍就是以判断，配对，选择为主，其他题型也要相应练习。 从内容话题来看，不是特别难，相对难的是第三篇文章，由于在文章中出现了较多的实验以及考生不太熟悉的词汇，这类型文章在剑4-剑8中每册都会出现1-2篇，建议考生可以在做过题之后当做泛读材料对文章进行熟悉。 |
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