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为了帮助大家有效准备笔译考试,读书人编辑整理了一些资料供大家参考:
转译成名词
(一)英语中很多由名词派生的动词,以及由名词转用的动词,在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词,这时可将其转译成汉语名词。
1. 名词派生的动词
1) Formality has always characterized their relationship.
他们之间的关系,有一个特点,就是以礼相待。
2) To them, he personified the absolute power.
在他们看来,他就是绝对权威的化身。
2. 名词转用的动词
1) Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere after completing their missions.
美国绝大多数间谍卫星,按其设计,是在完成使命后,在大气层中焚毁。
(二)有些英语被动式句子中的动词,可以译成"受(遭)到……+名词"、"予(加)以+名词"这类结构。如:
Satellites, however, must be closely watched, for they are constantly being tugged at by the gravitational attraction of the sun, moon and earth. (由于经常受到太阳、月亮以及地球引力的影响,卫星活动必须加以密切的观察。)
(三)形容词转译成名词
1. 英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类的人,汉译时常译成名词。如:
1) They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.
他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。
2) Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor.
罗宾汉和他的伙伴们痛恨阔人,热爱并保护穷人。
2. 此外,根据情况还有些形容词可以译成名词。如:
1) Stevenson was eloquent and elegant——but soft.
史蒂文森有口才、有风度,但很软弱。
2) They were considered insincere.
他们被人认为是伪君子。