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§6 accept/receive
Ⅰ. accept “接受”,表示其行为是由主观意愿决定的。
① I accepted it without question. 我毫无疑问地接受了它。
② We have accepted his proposal. 我已接受了他的建议。
Ⅱ. receive “接到、收到、受到”表示其行为与主观意愿无关。如:
① I received a letter from him. 我收到了他的来信。
② He received the present, but he did not accept. 他收到了礼物,但没有接受下来。
③ He received a good education.他受到了良好的教育。
[注] 在表示接待、接见时,通常用 receive, 而不用 accept.
如:We often receive foreign guests. 我们经常接待外宾。
§7 at hand/ in hand
Ⅰ. at hand“在手边;在附近;即将到来”如:
① When he writes, he always keeps a dictionary at hand. 他写东西时,手边总有一本字典。
② Spring is at hand. 春天就要来了。
Ⅱ. in hand “在手中的;现有的”引申为:“在掌握中;在处理中”。如:
① I have 100 yuan in hand. 我手头有100元钱。
② The police immediately had the situation in hand. 警方立即控制了局势。
§8 accurate/exact/correct
Ⅰ. accurate “准确、精确” 不仅表无错误,且表细心,谨慎地做到符合标准,符合事实或真象。如:
① Clocks in railway stations must be accurate. 火车站的钟必须准确。
② The figures are not accurate.这些数字不精确。
Ⅱ. exact “精确、确切”强调完全符合标准,符合事实或真象,丝毫没有差错。它这三个中语意最强。如:
① His translation is exact to the letter. 他的翻译翻译确切。
② Your description is not very exact.你的描述不很确切。
Ⅲ.correct. “正确”指按照一定的标准或规则,而没有错误。在这有一个词中,它的语意最弱。
① His answer is correct. 他的回答是正确的。
② The thing turned out to be correct. 事情结果是对的。
§9 ache/pain “痛”
Ⅰ. ache 通常指一种持续的隐痛。 它可以与表身体某部分的词,组成复合词。如:
① Where is the ache? 哪里痛?
② I have a headache (stomachache, toothache atc).
Ⅱ. pain 是普通用语。不含持续痛的意味,尤指一种突然的剧痛。除指肉体上的外,还指精神的痛苦。如:
① I feel a great deal of pain. 我感到非常痛。
② He cried with pain. 他痛得直叫。
③ I have a pain in the arm. 我手臂痛。
④ I have pains all over. 我浑身痛。
⑤ It gave us much pain to learn of the sad news. 听到不幸的消息很悲痛。
§10 across/through/ over
Ⅰ. across “横过、穿过”,指从……的一边到另一边。含义与on有关。如:
① I swam across the river. 我游过这条河(指从此岸到彼岸)
② Let’s help push the cart across the bridge. 我们帮着把车子推过桥吧。
Ⅱ. through “穿过、通过”指穿过两边。是从空间较狭窄的一头穿到另一头。是从内部穿过,含义与in有关。如:
① We walked through the forest. 我们穿过森林。
② The river flows through the city from west to east. 这条河从西到东流过城市。
Ⅲ. over“横过、跨越”指横过道路、河流等“细长物”时,与across通用。Over 虽可指从表面的接触及跳(飞)越,但指渡过则不能用。从房间、原野、海洋等“平面延伸”的一端横越到另一端时也不能使用。而常用across.
① She went across / over the bridge.
② He jumped across / over the stream他跳过了小溪。
③ She swam across the straight of Dover. 她游过了多佛尔海峡。
④ They drove across the desert. 他们驶过沙漠。
另外,over作介词还有“翻过……”的意思,如:climb the mountain 翻过那座山。