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非谓语动词
(一) 分词
现在分词和过去分词的区别
①、用于句首作状语，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动
例：Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then
A
struggled to establish its own economic and financial system.
B C D
分析：分词作状语，主要看是主动还是被动，美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错，改won为winning ②、用于名词后面作后置定语，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动
例：In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in
A B
the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands.
C D
分析：B错，生活在什么地方的人，人生活是主动，因此改为living
一些动词后面必须用doing
对于加doing的词来说，考试中一般出现一个，下面这些词都是要加doing的，请考生牢记。
mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, adjust
advocate, suggest
delay, quit
forgive(原谅)，tolerate，
avoid, escape(逃避)
spend+名词+doing;
have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing
例：Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their
A B C D
crops.
分析：D错，应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语，故将to harvest改为harvesting。
例：Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks,
A B
to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War.
C D
分析：A错，advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing
(二) 不定式
A. 动词不定式的省略
①、help后面可以省略to
help to do
help sb. to do
例：A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid
A B
the habits that might shorten the lives.
C D
分析：D错，应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确，如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错，help后面可以接不带to的不定式。
②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个
make,
let,
have sb. do sth
注意get不是使役动词，get sb. to do sth.
例：A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians
A B
to know when to play various parts of a composition.
C D
分析：let是使役动词，后面不需要to, C改为know
③、感官动词
hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe
see sb do sth. 强调过程
see sb doing sth 正在做某事
B. 动词不定式的固定用法
(1)表示第一人
the first woman to do sth.
(2)表示迫使的动词
一般考三个， allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do
例：Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis
