第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clause)中的虚拟语气
一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that.
(一)、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反)：
从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be为 were，实义动词用过去式。例：
1. I wish (that)I _______ the answer to the question.
我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)
2. I wish it _______ spring in my hometown all the year around.
但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)
3. 但愿我是只小鸟。____________________________
4. When she was at the party，she wished she were at home.(wished，过去虚拟动词were)
5. Sometimes I wish I ( ) in a different time and a different place.
A. be living B. were living C. would live D. would have lived
(二)、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反)：
用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would/could have done。例：
1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn’t wasted so much time.
我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)
2. He wishes he ( ) the chance.
他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)
3. We wished he had spoken to us.
(事实上他并没同我们讲)
4. I wish you had called earlier.
(wish， had + called)(事实上已迟了)
5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.
(will wish，had + listened)(事实上并不如此)
例题分析：
I wish I ______ longer this morning， but I had to get up and come to class.
A. could have slept B. slept C. were sleeping D. have slept
动词wish后面接从句，表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用过去式(表示现在发生的动作)或过去完成式(表示过去发生的动作)。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had to get up and come， 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以， 选项A)could have slept是答案
(三)、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)：
从句动词"would/could/might + 动词原形"用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例：
1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop)
我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)
2. (would + be) ?
我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)
3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)
你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)
4. (would + change)?
我希望她会改变主意。
5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)
(只是希望我们和他在一起，实际上还没在一起)
(四)、注意：
1.如果将wish改为过去式wished， 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。例如：
I wished I hadn’t spent so much money.
我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。
2. 如果that 从句中用would ， 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求
I wish he would answer my letter.
I wish prices would come down.
I wish you would help me.
I wish you would stop asking silly questions.
二、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气，且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气，但事实上“should”常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形，常用的此类动词有：
表示“要求”的：ask， desire， request， demand， require， beg 表示“提议、劝告、建议”的： propose， suggest， recommend， advise， vote
表示“决定、命令”的：decide， order
表示“坚持、主张”的：maintain， urge(恳求，力荐，竭力主张)
表示“同意、坚持”的：consent， insist
例如：
1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.
2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.
3.When I suggested that he try shaving cream， he said， “The razor and water do the job. ”(当我建议他用刮胡膏时，他说“剃刀和水就行了”。)
4.One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English speaking country. (我们建议学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年。)
5.我建议我们下周举行会议。?
但注意：在insist 后的从句中， 如果是坚持自己，表示坚持认为 用陈述语气， 坚持别人做什么事情， 用虚拟语气。
6. she insists that she is right.
7. she insisted that I should finish the work at once.
或者说，suggest， insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
判断改错：
()11. You pale face suggests that you should be ill.
()12. Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
()13. I insisted that you should be wrong.
()14. I insisted that you were wrong
例题分析：15.It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o’clock at night.
A. were not played B. not be played
C. not to play D. did not play
16. It is recommended that the project ( ) until all the preparations have been made.
A. is not started B. will not be started C. not be started D. is not to be started
17. Mr. Chairman, I move that the money ( use) for library books.
18)、 The chairman requested that .
[A]the members studied more carefully the problem
[B]the problem was more carefully studied
[C]with more carefulness the problem could be studied
[D]the members study the problem more carefully
19)、The committee recommends that the matter at the next meeting .
[A]would be discussed
[B]will be discussed
[C]be discussed
[D]may be discussed
20)、The doctor insisted that his patient .
[A]that he not work too hard for three months
[B]take it easy for three months
[C]taking it easy inside of three months
[D]to take some vacations for three months
三、在expect， believe， think， suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
在expect， believe， think， suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中，我们经常用“should+动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。
I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier.
我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。
练习：
I think it advisable that he_______ for Tokyo soon.
[A]will leave
[B]may leave
[C]leave
[D]leaves
四、would rather ， would sooner，had rather， would (just) as soon ，would prefer之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
would rather ， would sooner， had rather， would (just) as soon，would prefer(希望)也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或"对过去做的事的懊悔".
(1)、I would rather he came tomorrow than today.
2 John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.
(3)、I would rather everything hadn’ t happened in the past.
(4)经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。
(5、坦率地说，我希望你不要卷入这件事。
(6)、You don’t have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you (go) on business first
(7) I’d rather you didn’t make any comment on the issue for the time being.
(8、Frankly speaking ，………
坦白地说，我宁愿你现在对此事什么也不要做。
(9)、Wouldn’t you rather your child ( ) to bed early?
A. go B. went C. would go D. goes
(10)、I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.
我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
注：①若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原形
I would rather stay at home today.
②would rather.……than.……中用动词原形
I would rather stay at home than go out today.
五、“had hoped”后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
用“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。 1.I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there， but she said she liked to stay in China.
2. 我们原本希望你能来，但是你没来。?
第二节：主语从句中的虚拟语气
一、“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中的虚拟语气
在形如“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中，使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should +动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形(美国英语中省去should)
常用的形容词：* natural (自然的)， appropriate (适当的)，advisable (合适的)， preferable (更可取的)，* necessary (必须的)， important (重要的)， imperative (急需的)， urgent (急迫的)， essential (本质的)， vital (必不可少的)* probable (很可能的)， possible (可能的)* desirable (极好的)advisable(合理的)，compulsory(必须的)，crucial(紧急的)，desirable(理想的)，essential(必要的)，imperative(迫切的)，incredible(惊人的)，necessary(必要的)，possible(可能的)，strange(奇怪的)，urgent(紧迫的)。
常用的过去分词：* required (需要的)， demanded (要求)， requested (被请求的)， desired (要求)* suggested (建议)， recommended (推荐)* orderd (命令)
1. It is necessary that we (should )have a walk now.(necessary， should + have) (表示有需要去散步)
2.It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.(necessary， should + make) (表示有必要事先做好准备)
3. 此处禁止吸烟。(required)
4. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand the rule of school.(important， should + be) (表示重要的是学生都能了解校规)
5. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。(essential， should + take)
6. It is natural that she should do so. (形容词natural， should+动词原形do)
7.希望我们今晚一切都准备就绪。(desire)
8. It is desired that this rule (bring) to the attention of the staff.
9.I don’t think it advisable that Tom (assign) to the job since he has no experience.
10. It is essential that these application forms ( ) back as early as possible.
A. must be sent B. will be sent C. are sent D. be sent
11. It is vital that enough money ( ) to fund(提供资金) the project.
A be collected B. must be collected C. is collected D. can be collected
二、在It is +名词+that…的主语从句中的虚拟语气
在It is +名词+that的主语从句中，常用虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等。这类名词
有：advice ，decision ，desire ，demand ，idea，motion ，order，pity ，preference ，proposal，recommendation ，requirement，resolution，shame，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。
⑴、It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad.
我建议派他去国外进一步学习。
第三节：虚拟语气用在表语从句或同位语从句中
当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为should +动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有：
demand (要求)， desire (请求)，requirement (要求)
advice (劝告)， recommendation (建议)，suggestion (建议)
order (命令) necessity (必要地)， preference (优先)
proposal (计划)， plan (计划)， idea (办法)， recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。
e.g. 1. The professor gave order that the test be finished before 11:00.
2. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ( put off).
3. Our idea is that the meeting (hold) next week.
考点：1. The suggestion that the mayor (_) the prizes was accepted by everyone.
A. would present B. ought to present C. present D. presents
2. One of the requirements for a fire is that the material ( ) to its burning temperature(燃点).
A. is heated B. will be heated C. be heated D. would be heated
3、 The judge assented to the suggestion that .
[A]both of the criminals will soon be set freedom
[B]some of the criminals there are of guilt only
[C]the prisoner be sentenced to death
