1.At midnight,we were (aroused )by a knock at the door. ( )
A.irritated
B.awakened
C.arisen
D.annoyed
2.She was( awarded) a prize for the film.( )
A.given
B.rewarded
C.sent
D.reminded
3.Smoking will be (banned )in all public places here.( )
A.forbidden
B.allowed
C.permitted
D.promoted
4.That guy is i(ntelligeng )but a bit dull.( )
A.strange
B.special
C.quiet
D.boring
5.She is a (highly) successful teacher.( )
A.fairly
B.rather
C.very
D.moderately
6.We should not sacrifice environmental protections to( foster) economic growth.( )
A.reduce
B.promote
C.realize
D.give
7.There is a growing (gap) between the rich and the poor.( )
A.conflict
B.tension
C.gulf
D.confrontation
8.I am very (grateful) to you for your assistance.( )
A.helpful
B.hopeful
C.pitiful
D.thankful
9.You will be meeting her (presently).( )
A.shortly
B.currently
C.lately
D.probably
10.Attitudes to mental illness have (shifted )in recent years.( )
A.displayed
B.shown
C.changed
D.demonstrated
11.I have been trying to (guit )smoking.( )
A.give up
B.pick up
C.build up
D.take up
12.Relief workers were (shocked )by what they saw.( )
A.moved
B.touched
C.surprised
D.worried
13.The weather is a constant (subject )of conversation in Britain.( )
A.question
B.problem
C.title
D.topic
14.This is not (typical )of English,but is a feature of the Chinese language.( )
A.particular
B.characteristic
C.remarkable
D.idiomatic
15.It is (virtually) impossible to persuade him to apply for the job.( )
A.simply
B.almost
C.totally
D.completely
参考答案：
1.B 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.D 14.B 15.B
Petitions
Petitions(请愿，请愿书)have long been a part of British political life.Anyone who wanted to change something would get a list of signatures from people who agreed to the idea and either send them to the government or deliver them personally to the Prime Minister’s house in London.
They are always accepted at the door by one of the PM'S officials.What happens then? Nothing much，usually.But petitions have always been thought of as a useful way for those who govern to find out what the people really think.
That’s why the UK government Launched its“e—petition”site in November 2006.Instead of physically collecting signatures，all anyone with an idea has to do now is to make a proposal on the government website，and anyone who supports the idea is free to add his or her signature.
The petitions soon started to flow in.The idea was for the British people to express their constructive ideas.Many chose instead to express their sense of humor.
one petitioner called on Tony Blair to stop the Deputy Prime Minister eating SO much”.Another wanted to expel(驱逐)Scotland from the United Kingdom because Scottish football fast never support England in the World Cup.
other petitioners called on the Prime Minister to abolish the monarchy.Some wanted to give it more power.Some wanted to oppose the United States.others wanted to leave the European Union.Some wanted to send more troops to Iraq and others wanted them all brought home.Some wanted to adopt the Euro(欧元).Others wanted to keep the pound.
Yet if some petitions are not serious。others present a direct challenge to government policy.A petition calling on the government to drop plans to charge drivers for using roads has already drawn around 1.8 million signatures.1n response to that，a rival petition has been posted in support of road pricing.And that is also rapidly growing.
There are about 60 million people in Britain.So it is understandable that the government wants to find out what people are thinking.But the problem with the e-petition site seems to be that the British people have about 70 million opinions，and want the Prime Minister to hear all of them.Perhaps he could start a petition asking everyone to lust shut up for a while.
16. A petition needs to be signed
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17. The Prime Minister reads petitions every day
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18. A petition has to be mailed to the Prime Minister's house in London
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19. Petitions have been taken to be one of the ways for the British people to express their ideas.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20. No other governments have launched their e-petition sites
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21. All petitions are serious
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22. It is impossible for the Prime Minister to hear all of the opinions
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
The paper Chase
“Running a house is a lot like running a business.” says Stephanie Denton, a professional organizer based in Cincinnati, Ohio, who specializes in both residential and commercial paperwork and record keeping. To get a successful grip on organizing documents, bills, and other materials, Denton suggests the following tips:
Create a space in which you can always do your paperwork. This is perhaps the most important element of a successful system. If you can’t devote an entire desk to the task, at least invest in a rolling file cart to store active paperwork and a two-drawer file cabinet for family records. Store the rolling file cart wherever it is most convenient and comfortable to do your work, whether that is the kitchen, office, or family room.
When in doubt, throw it out. The first step to implementing a workable filing system is to eliminate paper you don’t use, don’t need, or that you could easily access again elsewhere. Throw out duplicate statements, old catalogs, and all of the coupons, mailings, or offerings you’ll never have an opportunity to use or even read.
Set aside two days a month to pay bills. If a monthly due date doesn’t fit into your cycle, call up the creditor and suggest a more convenient date. Keep two manila folders at the front of your system for current bills –one to correspond with each bill-paying day –and file all incoming bills. Keep a list in the front of each folder of what needs to be paid in case the invoice never arrives or gets misplaced.
Think of your filing system not as a rigid tool, but as a living, breathing system that can accommodate your changing needs. A good filing system is both mentally and physically flexible. Everyone’s needs are different, says Denton, but when devising a filling system, ask yourself: “where would I look for this?” Create main headings for your filing system, such as Investments, Taxes, Children, and so forth, and file individual folders under the main headings. Never overstuff your files.
1. Paragraph 2 ___
2. Paragraph 3____
3. Paragraph 4 ___
4. Paragraph 5____
A. Find a place to work on
B. Implementing a workable filing system
C. What is a good filing system
D. How to invest in a rolling file cart
E. Get rid of unimportant things
F. Dealing with bills
5. Stephanie Denton is expert ___.
6. You can put your file cart anywhere you like, on condition ___.
7. Coupons should be thrown away because ___.
8. “Mentally flexible” indicates the fact ___.
A. they are useless
B. in paper chase
C. that it is easily reached
D. that different people have different requirements
E. they are not comfortable
F. in investing in coupons
1.分析文章标题：The paper(论文?报纸?文件? 纸张) chase(追赶)
“Running a house is a lot like running a business.” says Stephanie Denton, a professional organizer based in Cincinnati, Ohio, who specializes in both residential(住宅的) and commercial paperwork (文书工作)and record keeping. To get a successful(成功的) grip on (控制)organizing(组织) documents(文件), bills(账单， 票据), and other materials(材料), Denton suggests(建议) the following(下列的) tips(技巧， 小费)
借助第一段中相关语句内容可知文章标题为“文件管理”。
2.分析小标题被选项：
a)Find(发现，找到) a place(地方) to work on
b)Implementing(实现) a workable(可使用的) filing system(文件归档系统)
c)What is a good filing system(文件归档系统)
d)How to invest in (在...方面投资， 购买)a rolling(转动的， 移动的) file cart(手推车)
e)Get rid of (扔掉， 丢掉)unimportant(不重要的) things(东西)
f)Dealing with (处理)bills(账单， 钞票， 票据)
3.直接解题:
A ) Find(找到) a place(地方) to work on
B) Implementing(建立) a workable(可使用的) filing system(文件归档系统)
C) What is a good filing system(文件归档系统)
D) How to invest in (购买)a rolling(转动的， 移动的) file cart(手推车)
E) Get rid of (丢掉)unimportant(不重要的) things(东西)
F) Dealing with (处理)bills(账单， 钞票， 票据)
1。 Paragraph 2 ___
Create(创造) a space(空间) in which you can always(总是) do your paperwork(文书工作).This is perhaps the most important element of a successful system. If you can’t devote an entire desk to the task, at least invest in(购买) a rolling file cart (移动文件推车)to store(存储) active(活跃的， 经常使用的) paperwork and a two-drawer(两个抽屉的) file cabinet(厨柜) for family(家庭) records(记录). Store(存储) the rolling file cart wherever it is most convenient and comfortable to do your work, whether that is the kitchen, office, or family room.
1.A. 段落中出现了两次rolling file cart，所以首先重点注意D，但涉及到rolling file cart的句子并没有说到“如何投资购买”的问题，所以判断D是干扰项。由于段落一开头说到“找一个适合你做文字工作的空间”， 该句就是所在段落的主题句。
提示：如果段首句是表达要求或建议的祈使句或观点句，或概括总结句，则该句往往就是所在段落的主题句.
B) Implementing(建立 ) a workable(可使用的) filing system(文件归档系统)
C) What is a good filing system(文件归档系统)
E) Get rid of (丢掉)unimportant(不重要的) things(东西)
F) Dealing with (处理)bills(账单， 钞票， 票据)
2 Paragraph 3____
When in doubt(怀疑), throw it out(扔掉). The first step to implementing a workable filing system is to eliminate(除去，淘汰) paper you don’t use, don’t need, or that you could easily access again elsewhere. Throw out duplicate statements, old catalogs, and all of the coupons, mailings, or offerings you’ll never have an opportunity to use or even read.
2.E.段落中近义结构的出现(throw out(出现了两次)和 eliminate(消除))暗示答案应该是E(扔掉不重要的东西)
提示：段落中多次重复出现(至少出现3次以上)的词语及段落中词义相近的词语或结构(至少三处以上)， 这样的词语或结构通常就是其所在段落的主题词。
B) Implementing(建立 ) a workable(可使用的) filing system(文件归档系统)
C) What is a good filing system(文件归档系统)
F) Dealing with (处理)bills(账单， 钞票， 票据)
3.Paragraph 4 ___
Set aside(留出) two days a month to pay(支付) bills. If a monthly due date doesn’t fit into your cycle, call up the creditor and suggest a more convenient date. Keep two manila folders at the front of your system for current bills –one to correspond with each bill-paying day –and file all incoming bills. Keep a list in the front of each folder of what needs to be paid in case the invoice never arrives or gets misplaced.
3.F.段落中反复出现的bills(贯穿整个段落)暗示答案是F(处理帐单)
B) Implementing(建立 ) a workable(可使用的) filing system(文件归档系统)
C) What is a good filing system(文件归档系统)
4.Paragraph 5____
Think of (把...看作为...)your filing system not (不是...而是...)as a rigid(严格的， 刚性的) tool(工具), but as(作为) a living(活得， 起作用的), breathing(呼吸的) system(系统) that can accommodate(适应，供应， 容纳) your changing(不断变化的) needs(需要). A good filing system is both mentally(精神上) and physically (身体上)flexible(灵活的，柔韧的). Everyone’s needs are different, says Denton, but when devising a filling system, ask yourself: “where would I look for this?” Create main headings for your filing system, such as Investments, Taxes, Children, and so forth, and file individual folders under the main headings. Never overstuff your files.
4.C. 段落中反复出现的filing system暗示答案选项应该是B或C，而段落的第2句话：A good filing system is both mentally and physically flexible.(一个好的文件归档系统能够灵活的适应精神上(工作)和身体上的需要)正好与C呼应，而段首句的内容(你的文件归档系统能够满足你不断变化的需要)也是与C更加呼应，因此判断C是答案。
A. they are useless
B. in paper chase
C. that it is easily reached
D. that different people have different requirements
E. they are not comfortable
F. in investing in(购买) coupons(优惠券)
5. Stephanie Denton is expert(专攻...的)___.
5. B. 借助搭配：expert in../专攻...的专家，并借助文章主题“paper chase”推测答案可能是B。 利用问题句中的特征词Stephanie Denton作为答案线索， 在文章中找到答案相关句：
“Running a house is a lot like running a business.” says Stephanie Denton, a professional(专业的，职业的) organizer(筹办者)based(以...位基础) in Cincinnati(辛辛那提), Ohio, who specializes in(专门从事) both residential (居民的， 居住的)and commercial(商业的) paperwork(文书工作) and record keeping(记录保管). To get a successful grip on organizing documents, bills, and other materials, Denton suggests the following tips:
根据答案相关句的内容可知Stephanie Denton是“专门负责居民和商业部分的文书和记录保管工作”， 由此判断答案为B(是文件管理方面的专家)。
A. they are useless(无用的)
C. that it is easily(容易地) reached(被伸手触及)
D. that different(不同的) people have different requirements(要求， 需求)
E. they are not comfortable(舒适的)
F. in investing in(购买) coupons(优惠券)
6.You can put(放置) your file cart(手推车) anywhere(任何地方) you like(喜欢), on condition ( 只要)___.
6. C. 借助句子句意判断C(你可以把你的文件推车放在任何你喜欢放置的地方，只要它能容易被伸手触及)最合适。该题也可以借助file cart作为答案线索，找到答案相关句：Store(存储) the rolling(移动的) file cart wherever it is most convenient(方便的) and comfortable(舒适的) to do your work, whether that is the kitchen(厨房) , office(办公室), or (无论...还是...)family room(家庭活动室).
根据答案相关句的内容可知“手推车应该放在方便使用的地方”， 因此C是答案。
A. they are useless(无用的)
D. that different(不同的) people have different requirements(要求， 需求)
E. they are not comfortable(舒适的)
F. in investing in(购买) coupons(优惠券)
7 Coupons(优惠券) should be thrown away (被扔掉)because ___.
7. A. 文章中有个段落曾经提到过“扔掉不重要的东西”这个话题，而且A放在句子中也是语意(商家的优惠券应该被仍掉，因为它们没有用)合理。也可以利用coupon作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句， 确认答案：Throw out (扔掉)duplicate(复制的， 复制品) statements(陈述), old catalogs(目录册), and all of the coupons(优惠券), mailings(邮件), or offerings(礼券) you’ll never have an opportunity(机会) to use(使用) or even read.
D. that different(不同的) people have different requirements(要求， 需求)
E. they are not comfortable(舒适的)
F. in investing in(购买) coupons(优惠券)
8“Mentally flexible” indicates the fact ___.
8.D. 比较剩下的被选项判断D(不同的人有不同的需求)合适。也可以借助原文：A good filing system is both mentally(精神方面) and physically(身体方面) flexible(灵活的). Everyone’s needs are different, says Denton, but when devising a filling system, ask yourself: “where would I look for this?”
根据划线句的内容判断D是答案。
Find Yourself Packing It On Blame Friends
Obesity can spread from person to person，much like a virus，researchers are reporting today.When one person gains weight，close friends tend to gain weight，too.
Their study，published in The New England Journal of Medicine，involved a detailed analysis of a large social network of 12，067 people who had been closely followed for 32 years，from 1971 to 2003.
The investigators knew who was friends with whom as well as who was a spouse or sibling or neighbor，and they knew how much each person weighed at various times over three decades.1 That let them reconstruct2 what happened over the years as individuals became obese.Did their friends also become obese?Did family members?Or neighbors?
The answer，the researchers report，was that people were most likely to become obese when a friend became obese.That increased a person’s chances of becoming obese by 57 percent. 3 There was no effect when a neighbor gained or lost weight4，however，and family members had less influence than friends.
It did not even matter if the friend was hundreds of miles away，the influence remained. 5And the greatest influence of all was between close mutual friends.There，if one became obese，the other had a 171 percent increased chance of becoming obese，too.
The same effect seemed tO occur for weight loss，the investigators say.But since most people were gaining，not losing，over the 32 years，the result was，on average，that people grew fatter.
Dr.Nicholas A.Christakis，a physician and professor of medical sociology at Harvard Medical School and a principal investigator in the new study，said one explanation was that friends affected each others’ perception of fatness6.When a close friend becomes obese，obesity may not look so bad.
“You change your idea of what is an acceptable body type by looking at the people around you，”Dr.Christakis said.
The investigators say their findings can help explain why Americans have become fatter in recent years—each person who became obese was likely to drag along some friends.
Their analysis was unique，Dr.Christakis said，because it moved beyond a simple analysis of one person and his or her social contacts and instead examined an entire social network at once，looking at how a person’s friend’s friends，or a spouse’s sibling’s friends，could have an influence on a person’s weight.
The effects，he said，“highlight the importance of a spreading process，a kind of social contagion8，that spreads through the network.”
Of course，the investigators say，social networks are not the only factors that affect body weight.There is a strong genetic component at work，too.
Science has shown that individuals have genetically determined ranges of weights，spanning perhaps 30 or so pounds for each person.But that leaves a large role for the environment in determining whether a person’s weight is near the top of his or her range or near the bottom.As people have gotten fatter，it appears that many are edging toward9 the top of their ranges.The question has been why.
If the new research is correct，it may say that something in the environment seeded what some call an obesity epidemic，making a few people gain weight.Then social networks let the obesity spread rapidly.
词汇：
obesity n.肥胖，肥大
virus n.病毒
detailed adj.细的，逐条的i
nvestigator n.调查人
spouse n.配偶(指夫或妻)
sibling n.兄弟，姐妹
influence n.影响
principal adj.主要的，首要的
highlight v.使显著，强调
epidemic adj.流行的，传染的，流行性的
注释：
1.The investigators knew...over three decades.：调查人员了解被调查人的朋友以及夫妻、兄弟姐妹或者邻居，并且了解他们三十年来各个时期的体重。as well as表示“和”、“又”。
2.reconstruct：重建，推想。re是表示“又，再”之义的词根。
3.That increased a person’s chances of becoming obese by 57 percent.：这使得发胖的几率增加了57%。chance这里指机率、可能性。
4.gained or lost weight：体重增加或减肥。
5.It did not even matter if the friend was hundreds of miles away，the influence remained.：即使朋友远在千里之外，这种影响仍然存在。
6.verception of fatness：对于肥胖的感知。
7.The investigators say their findings can help explain why Americans have become fatter in recent years—each person who became obese was likely to drag along some friends：调查人员声称他们的发现可以帮助解释近年来美国人变得越来越胖的原因：每个发胖的人都可能带动朋友一起变胖。
8.contagion：传染，传染病。
9.edge toward：向……缓慢或逐渐地前进。
练习：
1. Who had the greatest influence on people who became obese?
A) Their friends.
B) Their neighbours.
C) Their family members.
D) Their colleagues.
2. Which of the following statement about a friend's influence is false according to the report?
A) Friends had more influence than family members on people who became obese.
B) Even ifthe friend lives far away, the influence still remained.
C) People were not likely to lose weight when they have skinny friends.
D) The greatest influence of all was between close mutual friends.
3. According to Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, what is the explanation for friends being the
greatest influence?
A) Friends usually spend a lot of time together.
B) Friends share similar eating habits.
C) Friends are more important than family members.
D) Friends affected each others' feelings of fatness.
4. Which factor of becoming obese is not mentioned in this report?
A) Social contact.
B) Genetic information.
C) Life style.
D) Environmental influences.
5. In what way is obesity contagious and epidemic?
A) Social networks let the obesity spread rapidly.
B) Individuals have genetically determined ranges of weights.
C) Obesity can easily spread from one to another without any physical contact.
D) Obesity can spread rapidly and extensively by infection and affecting many individuals in an area or a population at the same time.
参考答案：ACDCA
The Value of Motherhood
In shopping malls，the assistants try to push you into buying“ a gift to thank her for her unselfish love”.When you log onto1 a website，a small pop-up2 invites you to book a bouquet for her.Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May.
______(1)______ The popularity of Mother’s Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted.In fact，she got more-enough to make her horrified.
______(2)______ They buy，among other things，132 million cards.Mother’s Day is the No 1 holiday for flower purchases.Then there are the various commodities，ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder，that take advantage of the promotion opportunities.Because of this，Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother’s Day.One protest against the commercialization of Mother’s Day even got her arrested-for disturbing the peace，interestingly.
______(3)______ As Ralph Fevre，a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian，observe，traditionally “motherhood is something that we do because we think it’s right.”But in the logic of commercialism，people need something in exchange for their time and energy.A career serves this purpose better.
______(4)______ So they work hard and play hard.Becoming a mother，however，inevitably handicaps career anticipation.
______(5)______ According to The Guardian，there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago.Or，they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives.
So，Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother’s Day needs to be updated：“It is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people.”
词汇：
motherhood/5mQTEhud/n.母性 website/1websaIt/n.网站
bouquet/5bu:keI/n.花束
注释：
1. log onto登录到。log onto a website登录到一个网站。
2. pop-up弹出式菜单。a small pop-up invites you to book a bouquet for her.一张小的弹出式菜单要你为她订一束花。
练习：
A The American version of Mother’s Day was thought up as early as 1905，by Anna Jarvis，as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood.
B But what’s more，commercialism changes young people’s attitude towards motherhood.
C Obviously，the best girl will be a phone call or a visit.
D According to a research by the US card company Hallmark，96 percent of American
consumers celebrate the holiday.
E As a result，motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s.
F In addition，women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire.
答案与题解：
1. A 第一段主要讲笼罩着母亲节的商业气氛，如店员让你买一件礼物送给你的母亲，表示你感谢她无私的爱等。从语气上可以看出，作者对用商业手段表达母爱是反对的。第二段的第二个句子中有Anna Jarvis这个人的名字。最后一个句子是这么说的：Infact， she got more-enough to make her horrified.事实上，她得到的还要多，多得使她感到可怕。从内容的衔接来看，Anna Jarvis在前面很可能出现过。在所有的选项中只有A出现了这个名字，因此A是对的。
2. D 第三段的第二个句子中出现cards(贺卡)这个词。从主题发展来看，前一句中应该出现过这个词，并且内容更概括。惟有D中出现过这个词并且论述概括，注意：主题句的陈述总是一般的。因此选D。
3. B 第三段的主要内容是进一步讲述表现在母亲节中的商业主义以及人们抗议母亲节中的商业主义，包括Anna arvis个人所做的努力。从内容上看，第四段是讲由于商业主义的影响人们对母性，也即为母之道发生了变化。选项B是合适的，它是该段的主题句。
4. F 第五段是对第四段主题的进一步发展，因此用F。
5. E 第六段是人们对为母之道的态度的变化的总结，因此用E
The problem we are faced with is that our resources, here identified as money, are __1__. The only way we can resolve our problem is to make choices. After looking at our resources, we must examine our list of __2__ and identify the things we need immediately, those we can postpone, and __3__ we cannot afford. As individuals, we face the central problem involved in economics-deciding just how to allocate our limited our limited resources to provide __4__ with the greatest satisfaction of our wants.
Nations face the same problem. As a country's population ___5__, the need for more goods and services grows correspondingly. Resources necessary to production may increase, but there __6__ are enough resources to satisfy the total desires of a nation. Whether the budget meeting is taking place in the family living room, in the conference room of the corporation __7__ of directors, or in the chamber of the House of Representatives in Washington, the basic problem still exists. We need to find __8__ of allocating limited resources in order to satisfy unlimited wants.
A short time ago economists divided goods into two categories, free and economic. The former, like air and water, were in __9__ abundance that economists had no concern for them. After all, economics is the __10__ of scarcity and what to do about it. Today many of these "free goods" are __11__ very expensive to use. Pollution has made clean air and water expensive for producers' extra costs, and __12__ taxpayers who pay for the government's involvement in cleaning the environment.
In the 1990s, almost all goods are __13__. Only by effort and money __14__ obtained in the form people wish.
Meeting needs of people and the demands from resource available __15__ the basic activity of production. In trying to meet unlimited wants from limited economic goods, production leads to new problems in economics.
EXERCISE:
1. A) limited B) unlimited C) scarcity D) abundant
2. A) want B) problem C) wants D) resources
3. A) those B) some C) others D) many
4. A) them B) themselves C) ourselves D) ours
5. A) expand B) extends C) grows D) increase
6. A) always B) sometimes C) often D) never
7. A) management B) function C) board D) group
8. A) people B) economists C ) way D) methods
9. A) so B) great C) such D) such an
10. A) form B) study C) means D) source
11. A) practically B) in practice C)in reality D) practicably
12. A) the B) / C) for D) with
13. A) plentiful B) scarce C) abundant D) in full supply
14. A) they can be B) can they be C) they must be D) must they be
15. A) are led to B) leads C) lead to D) leads to
KEY:
A C A C C D C D C B C C B B D
