b. 相似陷阱
同理，如果题目中出现的个别单词与原文中的用词一模一样，尤其是一些经常被同义替换掉的动词、形容词等，这个选项往往就是干扰选项。比如例3中的D选项，很多同学误选了D就是因为random这个词在原文中出现过。但是同样，原为是说The four divisions were assigned to two experimental programmes on a random basis. 四个部门被随机分配到两个实验项目中去，而不是四个部门是被随机挑选的。再举一例：
The writer was surprised because the blind woman
A. drew a circle on her own initiative.
B. did not understand what a wheel look like.
C. included a symbol representing movement.
D. was the first person to use lines of motion. (剑4, Test 1, Q28)
A选项几乎与原文一样。但是通过仔细阅读便会发现，作者吃惊的原因并不是因为盲人妇女自己画了一个圈，而是因为To show this motion, she traced a curve inside the circle。为了显示这种运动，她在圈里面画了一个曲线。正确选项C选项与文章几乎没有相同之处，但仔细比对却包含了很多同义词转换：traced – included; curve – symbol; show – representing; movement – motion.
c. 偷换概念陷阱
有时候选项中虽然与文中有对应的词，但选项中偷换了关键性的成分(如谓语部分)，使得答案错误。如：
From the experiment described in Part 1, the writer found that the blind subjects
A. had good understanding of symbols representing movement.
B. could control the movement of wheels very accurately.
C. worked together well as a group in solving problems.
D. got better results than the sighted undergraduates. (剑4, Test 1, Q29)
这道题目里面，很多考生会选C选项，因为原文里有这么一句话：… the blind not only figured out meanings for each line of motion, but as a group they generally came up with the same meaning at least as frequently as did sighted subjects. 但是C选项偷换了group的概念，把blind subjects说成是组队来一起解决问题，这显然是文章中没有交代的。
再举一个例子：
According to information in the text, intake of nicotine encourages
A. blood circulation through the body.
B. activity of other toxins in the blood.
C. formation of blood clots.
D. an increase of platelets in the blood.(剑3, Test 1, Q16)
其中的D选项很具有迷惑性，因为很多同学看到了platelets这个词在原文中有出现。但是原文中是activate small blood cells called platelets, 题目中却把activate 这个词偷换成了increase，变成了错误选项了。
d. 搭配不当陷阱
这是最具有诱惑性的选项。这种选项的特点是：选项本身是正确的，但是跟题干却不能形成搭配关系。很多考生看到选项和原文内容相似，甚至还有同义转换，便毫不犹豫地选择了这样的干扰项。如上例中，选项A就在原文中出现。但是原文中说的是… thereby affecting blood circulation throughout the body. 题干中的谓语动词是encourage， 不能形成搭配关系。再看一个例子：
The experiment was designed to(剑3, Test 4, Q28)
A. establish whether increased productivity should be sought at any cost
B. show that four divisions could use the same technology
C. perfect a system for processing accounts
D. exploit the human organisation of a company in order to increase profits
笔者在教学实践中发现，在一些没有讲解这个陷阱的班级里，几乎全部的学生都一致选了D选项。D选项乍一看是对的，原文中有相关的描述，但是原文中exploit the human organisation of a company的主语是a manager，而题目中的主语变成了experiment。而正确选项A对原文进行了高度的概括归纳，不仔细理解，是选不出来的。
往往要经历了以上陷阱的“诱惑”和“磨难”之后，考生才能选出正确的选项。当然，有些试题并没有这么复杂的陷阱，尤其是一些多项选择题，它们的选项只有一些语言上的同义转换，只要识别出相应的同义转换，那么便不难找到正确答案。
