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雅思口语如何得高分:影响考官,少犯错(1)

2009-04-23 
雅思口语中只要你可以做到影响考官,然后少犯错,那么高分就只手可得了!

    雅思口语考试与托福考试的机考形式不同,采用考官和考生一对一面谈的形式,通过考生针对多种话题的回答来综合评价考生的口语表达能力,整个口语考试考生感觉都会比较轻松,总共分为三部分,根据考生具体情况,历时十一到十四分钟不等。口语考试的评分主观性相对较强,高分秘籍一句话——影响考官,少犯错。

        第一部分

  口试第一部分通常被认为是整个考试的导入部分。考官在这一部分中会询问一些和考生本身有关的问题,通过较为简单的提问来达到让考生放松情绪的目的,以便在整个考试过程中能够正常发挥他们的语言水平。问题数量大约为4-8个,涉及3-6方面的话题。08年的主要涉及话题有:工作,学习,家庭,购物,城市交通,家乡,日常活动,兴趣爱好,住房,个人计划等。尽管话题简单,但如果我们以通常和朋友随意交谈的平实的内容作为答案,从考试角度来衡量可能不是最佳答案。值得考生注意的是考官和提问内容是有其特殊目的性的,他们要通过短短的十几分钟来评估考生的语言能力,所以为考官提供足够的语言供他们判断尤为重要。也就是,我们在第一部分要提供够“雅思”的答案来给考官留下一个深刻的好印象,因为两个问题之后考官凭经验已经在心中给你打了个分,接下来的问题都只是在证明这个分数。

  给考生的建议是每个问题提供三至五句切题的答案。那我们该怎样来准备这一部分呢,好答案的标准又是什么呢?首先,在准备期间,请考生收集一下近几个月Part1高频的考题,或者在老师的带领下,逐一进行演练,会发现题目几乎就集中在几个方面,万变不离其宗。接下来就是对高频考题进行构思准备了,请口语能力一般的考生务必准备,不可忽略。只有提前准备才能在考试中少犯错。我们通过下面的例子进行说明怎样构思好答案。

  Question: Do you take any sports?

  Answer one: Yes. I like to play badminton.

  Answer two: Of course. I often play badminton. Many people here like to play this good sport. It is quite popular in China. China has some good badminton players. Lin Dan is one of my favorite players.

  Answer three: Yes. I often take an active part in many kinds of sports games, such as swimming, playing basketball and badminton, among which, playing badminton is always my greatest passion. I often invite some of my energetic friends to play badminton after class in the school grounds or in Suzhou Park. Taking sports regularly can strengthen our bodies and avoid diseases, and prepare us well for the study afterwards.

  很明显,Answer one 如果是纯粹的生活对话是可以接受的,但是就考试来讲答案太不充分。Answer two 基本回答了提问,也给出了相关的信息。但仔细一看,发现所有的句子都是简单句,而且部分信息与所问问题不相及,整个答案显得松散无章。Answer three 是一个值得肯定的答案。回答了问题且信息充分,语言也很连贯流畅。不难看出,好的答案包含了不止一方面的信息:What, Who, When, Where, Why, How。这六个方面通常是我们构思一个好答案的切入口,从这些方面进行Brainstorming(头脑风暴)肯定不会无话可讲,适当扩充了答案,而且加入了亲身经历会使答案与众不同吸引考官,答案一定不能千篇一律,准备的时候要注意个性化!最后语言方面要避免书面化,使用过于复杂句式和生僻词汇只会暴露你提前准备过,官方严格规定背诵答案不满6分。一个简洁明了的答案绝对比一个复杂难懂的答案好。但要指出的是,简单的答案并不等于短答案,答案太短会使整个面试有太多的停顿,而考官也要大伤脑筋多想问题,你面临的问题也就会更多。自然的语言和神态,口语小词的穿插,充分的答案才能使你表现优秀!

        第二部分

  当考试进行到第二部分,即考生详细描述或谈论指定话题,考生将拿到一张cue card(话题卡),要求就卡片上的话题展开一至两分钟的描述,并将有一分钟的准备时间,可以记笔记。卡片问题一般由一个标题加上三个细节问题构成。

  卡片问题主要为对某个具体事物进行描述,08年高频话题有:

  ?08年最In口语话题排行榜第一名当属地点题,这一类考题不仅数量庞大,极为频繁,而且正趋向多样化。除了传统考题,如:garden,meseum,city,park,a studying or working place,a hotel以外,又出现一些较为“另类”的题目:a place that has good water resource, a place that makes you happy, a place that has been polluted, a swimming pool, etc.

  ?人物题,该大类也呈现出多元化和越来越细化的特征,原来可能只需要你谈an old person,现在却要求描述an interesting old person.原来只是描述a family member,现在可能要解释how a family member influences you, a helpful person, a teenager,种种情况不一而足。

  ?物品题(a lost item/a movie/ a TV program/ a magazine, etc)

  ?事件题(a late experience/ an unforgettable event/ a great change in life/ a success, etc.)

  在卡片的结尾,考生一般要对自己描述的内容说明感受和观点。如:

  Explain why you like…

  Explain why you want to…

  Explain how you feel when you…

  口语第二部分考试的形式和内容与中国考生所熟悉的传统口语考试的对话内容区别很大。大部分学生由于平时缺乏针对性的描述训练,拿到这样的话题往往无所适从,或只言片语便无法继续下去。我们常说考雅思不能打无准备之战,而考生准备的关键就是要了解怎样利用给我们的信息来扩充答案,并运用笔记关键词的方法来提醒自己回答内容。

  在一分钟的时间里,我们无法去组织句子,给考生的建议是,首先确定通篇的总体时态,这往往是考生忽略却最常犯的低级错误——时态混乱,然后再考虑话题的套用(在真实考试当中只需把提前准备的内容适当变化即可套用不同的topics,只有提前准备才能少犯错),最后,构思文章的框架,使论述显得有逻辑,同时适当记录关键词。我以下面的卡片为例:

        Describe a Gift

        Describe a special gift you have received which makes you feel special.You should say:

        What the gift is

        Who gave it to you

        Why the person gave it to you

        And explain why the gift means so much to you.

        在一分钟的准备时间里,我首先确定总体时态应该为一般过去时,然后脑中搜索已事先准备的关于一件物品的topic,进行联想套用,接下来的任务就是布置文章的框架和记录关键词,我们可以将所讲的内容分为三个部分:

        *介绍句(开头句---Introducing Sentence)

        *主题内容(细节内容---Main Body)

        *解释说明(总结--- Conclusion)

  The gift I am going to talk about is very special to me. It is a doll I used to play with for quite a long time. (Introduction)

  My parents gave it to me when I was five as a birthday present. I considerd it as special because it was a very high-tech doll at that time and I was very proud of it. It would cry if I hit it or accidentally dropped it. However,when I put a kind of dummy into its mouth, it would immediately stopped crying. Next time I let go of the dummy it would laugh happily. Sometimes it could make some noises like a real baby. It brought a lot of fun into my childhood. At that time, not many kids had this kind of dolls and I liked to show it to my friends in the kindergarten. It made me a star among the children. Of course sometimes we would play with the doll together. It was the first gift that my parents bought me and it meant a lot to me. Although it could not cry or langh any more, I still keep it. (Main body)

  Every time I see it, I remember the happy time playing with it and the smile on my parents’faces. It recalls a lot of old and sweet memories, and I think this gift is really special to me and to my family. (Conclusion)

  由于篇幅有限,对于第二部分的问题解决方法这里只能稍作分析。当然,要想达到好的效果,不仅需要掌握适当的方法,同时也需要通过大量的联系进行巩固,并结合不同的话题,做好充分的准备工作。

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