5. As months went by，the work seemed endless.时间一个月一个月地过去了，而他们的工作似乎并无止境。
(1)此句中go by是动词短语，意思是"(时光)逝去"(不及物性动词短语)。还可作"经过(某处)"(及物或不及物性动词短语)。e.g.
①Two years went by.两年过去了。
②We waited for the procession to go by。我们等着游行队伍经过。
③A truck went by us at full speed.一辆卡车从我们身旁全速通过。
④She let the chance go by.她错过了机会。
(2)go by还可作"依照，遵循，依据……办事"解，及物性动词短语.e.g.
He always goes by the rules.他总是按规则办事。
(3)go by还可意为"根据……作出判?quot;。e.g.
Going by her clothes，she must be very rich.从她的衣着来判断，她很有钱。
go by 与 pass by，pass的区别：
(1)go by和pass by是同义短语，都可指"经过"(某处)，go by是动词+副词结构，意为"从……旁边经过，经过"。pass by意为"经过，通过，从……旁边经过"，指经过人或物的面前或旁边而不停顿，也不注意所经过的人或物是谁。pass意为"经过"，指在人或物的面前或旁边经过，侧重经过的动作。用pass by时，侧重不加注意的意味，但在实际上，pass和pass by常被毫无区别地使用。e.g.
①The bus went by the stop without stopping.那辆公共汽车停都没停就从汽车站开了过去。
②A car went by.一辆汽车驶过去。
③He passed by me without noticing me.他从我身边走过而没注意到我。
④I pass the church on my way to school.在我上学的路上经过教堂。
⑤She waved at me as she passed(by).她经过时向我挥了挥手。
(2)go by，pass by和pass又都可用来指时间"流逝，过去"。e.g.
①Several years went by before they met again.他们过了好几年才再次见面。
②A year passed by，and still she had not found a suitable job.一年过去了，但她仍然没找到合适的工作。
③Two years has passed since I entered this school.我进这所学校已两年了。
8.Its rays could go through every mineral except lead.它的射线可以穿透除铝以外的所有其他矿物质。
(1)此句中go through是动词短语，意思是"穿过，贯穿"，后接名词。e.g.
The train went through some tunnels.火车通过了若干隧道。
(2)go through还可指"(法律等)被通过"，作不及物或及物性动词短语。e.g.
①The bill has gone through without a vote.该法案未经投票表决就通过了。
②The plan must go through several stages.这项计划必须经过几个阶段才能通过。
(3)go through还可作"遭受，经历，忍受"解，及物性短语动词。e.g.
The country has gone through too many wars.这个国家经历了太多的战争。
(4)go through还可指"用掉，花掉"，及物性动词短语。e.g.
Have you gone through all your money already?你已经把所有的钱都花光了吗?
(5)go through还可作"仔细检查，审查"，及物性短语动词。e.g.
I'm sure it's there-I'll go through the file again.我确信它就在那儿， 我要再次仔细检查一下那文件。
10.She refused to treat these new discoveries as though they belonged to her，and instead shared all her knowledge with the whole scientific world.她不同意把这些新发现看作是属于她自己的东西，而是献出自己的全部知识，与整个科学界共享。
(1)此句中as though =as if意思是"好像，仿佛"，作连词，后接方式状语从句。从句的谓语动词一般要用虚拟语气，即动词用过去时或过去完成时。e.g.
①She always talks to me as though/if she were/was my sister.她总是以我妹妹的口气跟我说话。
②He walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg.他慢慢地走，好像腿受伤的样子。
但as though/if从句在look，seem后，从句的谓语动词可不用虚拟语气。eg.
①She looks as if she's going to cry.她看起来要
哭似的。
②It seems as though he has been at the scene of the crime.看样子他好像曾在犯罪现场。
(2)句中belong to意为"属于"，及物性短语动词。注意此词组无被动浯态，无进行时态。e.g.
That dictionary belongs to me.那本辞典是我的。
注意此词组还可意味"是……的一员，与……有关联"。e.g.
I belong to the tennis club.我是这个网球俱乐部的会员。
(3)句中share...with意思是"与……共用，分享，分担"。e.g.
① The boy shared his toy with other children.那男孩把他的玩具拿出来，和其他小孩子一起玩。
②Would you share your newspaper with me?我们-起看报好吗?
share...with与share...between/among 的区别：
share...with意思是"与……分享，共用，分担"，而share...between/among是指"在……之间分配，均分"。如果所分配范围"在……之间"，是几个单数名词，则用between;如果是复数名词，between和among都可以。e.g.
① He shared his property between his wife，his daughter and his son.他把他的财产分给了他的妻子、女儿和儿子。
② Mother is sharing the cakes among/between the boys to make sure that every boy gets some.妈妈在给孩子们分糕点以确保每个孩子得到一份。
11.Which mineral would you use to protect yourself against radium?你会用哪种矿物来保护自己不受镭的伤害呢?
句中protect sb./sth.against意思是"防御，保护……使不受(伤害)"，这里介词against也可换成from，即protect sb./sth.from..。e.g.
①A line of forts was built along the border to protect the country against attack.边界沿线构筑了碉堡，以防敌人进攻该国。
②He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 他戴着太阳镜以挡强烈的阳光。
说明：protect against...和protect...from用法基本相同。防御较为严重的伤害，通常用介词against，一般情况常用from，但区分不是很严格。e.g.
Cares should be taken at all times to protect the equipment against/from dust and damp.应当经常注意保护设备，不使其积尘和受潮。
教学建议Lesson 3
教学建议
Lesson 3词语辨析：
1.polonium is used to set off a nuclear bomb.钋用来引爆核弹。
(1)本句中set off 意思是"使……爆炸"，及物性短浯动词：e.g.
They set off the fireworks as soon as it got dark.天一黑他们就放焰火(烟花)。
(2)set off 还可指"出发，动身"，不及物性短语动词。e.g.
They set off in search of the lost child.他们出发去寻找那个丢失的孩子。
(3)set off 还可意为"引起，触发"，及物性短语动词。e.g.
①That strike set off a series of strikes throughout the country.那次罢工引发了全国一系列的罢工。
②A letter from home set off an attack of homesickness.一封家书触发了他的思乡病的发作。
(4)set off 还可指"使某人突然产生某种活动"，其后往往接v.-ing，即set s.b.off doing sth.e.g.
Whatever you say will set her off crying.不管你说什么都会使她哭泣。
(5)set off还可指"衬托，使更明显"。e.g.
This gold frame sets off your painting well.这金色的框架把你的画衬托得非常好看。
搭配辨析set off 与setout，set about
(1)set out也可意为"出发，动身"，用法与set off同，不及物性短语动词。e.g.
They set out/off on a sightseeing tour.他们动身出去观光旅行。
(2)set out还可指"开始着手，做某事"，后接动词不定式。e.g.
We set out to paint the whole house but finished only the front part.我们为油漆整座房子开始干起来，但只完成了前面部分。
(3)set out可指"陈列，摆出，安排"，及物性短语动词。e.g.
①Set out the chairs for the meeting in rows of ten.摆好开会的坐椅，每排十张。
②The meal was set out on a long table.饭菜摆在一张长桌子上。
(4)set out还可指"表明，陈述，阐述(事实、理由等)"。e.g.
The reasons for my decision are set out in my report.我作出决定的理由在我的报告中作了阐述。
(5)set about意为"开始做或处理，着手"，其后接名词或v.-ing，即set about + sth./doing sth.e.g.
① The sooner we set about it the sooner we'll finish.我们越早开始就可以越早完成这件工作。
②We set about cleaning up mess.我们开始把乱七八糟的东西打扫干净。
