exercise 1
information technology
1982 was the year of information technology in GREat britain. but what exactly is infotech? 85% of the people __1___ recently had not a clue what it means, __2___53% of those polled said they thought it sounded pretty important.they were __3___.it is.so what is it? well, put simply,it is the "marry-up"of products__4___several key industries:computers, telephone, televisions, satellites.
it means __5___ microelectronics, telecommunication networks fibre optics__6___produce,store,obtain and send information by way of words,numbers,pictures and sound__7___and efficiency than ever before.
the __8__ infotech is having and is going to have on our lives and work is tremendous.it is already linking the skills of the space industry with __9___ of cable television,so programmes can be beamed directly into our homes ___10__ all over the world. armies of "steel collar"workers,the robots,will soon be working in factories doing the boring,complex and __11___jobs which are at present still done by man. in some areas __12___the car industry this has already started. television will also be used to enable customers __13___from the comfort of their homes by simply ordering___14__ the tv screen, payment being made by direct debit of their credit cards.the automatic booking of tickets will also be done through the television__15___ .cable television __16___in many countries now gives a choice of ___17__ channels will soon be used to___18___ our homes by operating burglar and fire alarms ___19___to police and fire stations.computers will run our homes,controling the heating,air-conditioned and cooking systems ___20___ robot will cope with the housework.the friendly postman will be a thing of the past as the post service and letters disappear with the electronic mail received via viewdata screens.
1) a polling b being polled c polled d having been polled
2) a so b although c however d but
3) a right b wrong c mad d crazy
4) a from b in c to d for
5) a to use b to be used c being used d using
6) a to help b to helping c to be helped d to being helped
7) a very quickly b more quickly c quicklier d most quickly
8) a force b affect c impact d control
9) a those b that c which d the one
10) a from b in c across d thoughtout
11) a interesting b dull c unpleasant d happy
12) a for example b for instance c like d such as
13) a shop b to shop c shopping d to shopping
14) a on b via c within d by
15) a screen b machine c set d show
16) a where b in which c which d it
17) a a dozen bdozen c dozen of d dozens of
18) a protect b clean c run d manage
19) a related b associated c linked d joined
20) a while b BECause c since d for
cbaad abcaa cdbba cdaca
exercise 2
the central problem of economics
the central problem of economics is to satisfy the people’s and nation’s wants.
the problem we faced with is that our resources,here identified as money are _1__.
the only way we can solve the problem is to _2__ choices.after looking at our resources,we must examine our list of _3__ and identify the things we need immediately , _4_ we can postpone,and those we cannot afford.as individuals,we face the central problem involved in economics---decideing how to allocate our limited resources to _5__ ourselves with greatest satisfaction of our wants.
nations face __6_ problem. as a country’s population_7__, the need for more goods and services grows correspondingly. resources necessary to production may increase,but there _8__ are enough resources to satisfy the total desires of a nation.whether the budget meeting is _9__ in the family living room,in the conference room of the corporation __10_ of directors,or in the chamber of the house of representatives in washington,the basic problem still exists.we need to find _11__ of allocating limited resources in order to satisfy unlimited wants.
a short time ago,economists _12__ goods into two categories,free and economic.the former.,like air and water,were in _13__ abundance that economists had no concern for them.after all,economists is the _14__ of scarcity and what to do about it.today many of these "free goods" are _15__ very expensive to use.population has made clean air and water _16__ for producers who have to filter their waste products,for consumers who ultimately _17__ the producer’s extra cost,and _18__ taxpayers who pay for the government’s involvement _19__ the environment.
in the 1990s,almost all goods are scares.only by effort and money_20__ obtained in the from people wish.
1) a abundant b scarce c limited d unlimited
2) a have b do c make d ask
3) a want b resources c want d problem
4) a some b others c that d those
5) a bring b provide c take d satisfy
6) a another b the same c the other d a same
7) a growing b grown c grows d grow
8) a sometimes b always c often d never
9) a taking place b happening c replacing d taking the place
10) a board b group c management d function
11) a means b approach c ways d method
12) a seperate b divide c cut d divided
13) a a so b great c such d such an
14) a study b form c means d source
15) a particularly b in practice c pracitally d in reality
16) a cheaper b more expensive c expensive d cheap
17) a pay for bwill pay for c use d will use
18) a the b with c for d also
19) a cleaning b in cleaning c about cleaning d clean
20) a they can be b they must be
c must they be d can they be
ccadb bcdaa cdcad bacbd
exercise 3
grandma moses is among the most celebreted twentieth-century painters of the united states,yet she __1_ painting before she was in her late seventies.as she once spoken __2_ herself:" i would never sit back in a rocking chair,__3_ for some to help me."no one could have a __4_ old age.
she was born anna mary robertson _5__ a farm in new york state,one of five boys and girls.("we came in bunches,_6__ radishes.") at twelve she left home and was __7_ domestic service until ,at twnety-seven,she _8__ thomas moses,one of the hired hands of her employers.they farms most of their _9__,first in virginia and then in new york state,_10__ eagle bridge.she had ten children,of _11__ five survived; her husband died in 1927.
grandma moses _12__ a little as a child and made embroidery pictures as a _13__, but only switched to oil in old age because her hands become too stiff __14_, and she wanted to keep busy and pass the time.her _15__ were first sold at the local drugstore and at a fair, and were soon _16__ by a dealer who bought everything _17__ she painted.three of the pictures were exhibition in the museum of modern art,and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in new york .__18_ the 1930s and her death she produced some 2000 pictures;detailed and lively portrayals of the _19__ life she had known for so long ,with a marvellous _20__ of color and form." i think real hard till think of something real pretty,and then i pain it."she said.
1) a barely startedt b was barely strated
c had barely started d barely start
2) a about b of c on d over
3) a waiting b to waiting c and writing d am writing
4) a very productive b productive
c most productive d more productive
5) a in b at c on d about
6) a unlike b like c likely d unlikely
7) a for b in c at d under
8) a married with b married to c marry d married
9) a life b live c lives d lifes
10) a in b at c under d on
11) a whom b which c that d who
12) a worked b read c studied d painted
13) a job b fun c hobby d interest
14) a sewing b to sew c to sewing d to be sewing
15) a books b pictures c arts d clothes
16) a spotted b recognized c damaged d featured
17) a which b who c whom d that
18) a for b in c during d between
19) a urban b town c rural d suburban
20) a feeling b sense c consciousness d feature
cbadc bbdcb adcbb addcb
exercise 4
check have largely __1_ money as a means of exchange for they are widely accepted everywhere.though this is very _2__ for both buyer and seller,it should not be forgotten that checks are not real money;they are quite _3__ in themselves. a shopkeeper always runs a certain _4__ when he accepts a check and he is quite _5__ his rights if,on accasion,he refuses to do so.
people do not always know this and are __6_ if their good faith is called _7__. an old and very wealthy friend of mine told me he had an extremely _8__ experience.he went to a famous jewelry shop which keeps a large __9_ of precious stone and asked to _10__ some pearl necklaces.after examing several trays,he decided to buy a particularly fine string of pearls and asked _11__he could pay by check.the assistant said that this was quite _12__,but the moment my friend signed his name,he was invited into the manager’s Office.
the manager was very polite,but he explained that someone __13_ exactly the same name had presented them with a worthless check not long ago. my friend fot very angry when he heard this and said he would buy a necklace 14___.when he got up to go,the manager told him that the police would arrive at any moment and he had better stay_15__ he wanted to get into serious troubles._16__ the police arrived soon afterwards,they apologized to my friend for the __17_ but explained that a person who had used the same name as his was responsible for a number of recent robberies.then the police asked my friend to copy out a note _18__ had been used by the theft in a number of shops.the note _19__ "i have a gun in my pocket.ask no questions and give me all the money in the safe."fortunately,my friend"s handwriting was quite _20__ the thief’s.then he was allowed to go without delay.
1) a made b replaced c instead d pretended
2) a favourite b popular c profitable d convenient
3) a dangerous b meaningless c unimportant d valueless
4) a chance b risk c opportunity d danger
5) a within b out of c without d beyond
6) a unhappy b ashamed cshocked d puzzled
7) a in doubt b in earnest c in difficulty d in question
8) a exciting b happy c unpleasant d wonderful
9) a amount b accident c stock d number
10) a give b be given c show d be shown
11) a if b when c what d that
12) a in need b in common c in use d in order
13) a used b with c named d by
14) a anywhere b somewhere c somewhere else d everywhere
15) a unless b otherwise c if d whether
16) a really b sure enough c certainly d however
17) a manner b behavior c inconvenience d treatment
18) a told b read c which d what
19) a told b informed c read d wrote
20) a unlike b different c dissimilar d dislike
bddba aaccd abbca dccca
exercise 5
the meaning of time differ in different parts of the world.thus,__1_ arise between prople from culture that _2__ time differently. promptness is valued _3__ in americna life.for example, if people are not prompt,__4_ may be regard as impolite __5_ not fully responsible. in the us,no one would __6_ of keeping a business associate __7_ for an hour.it would be too impolite,_8__ equal meet,a person who is five minutes late is ecpected _9__ a short apology.__10_ he is less than five minuteslate,he _11__ say a few words of explaintion ,_12__ perhaps he will not complete the sentence.
this _13__ of treating time is quite different from _14__ of several other cultures.this _15__ to explain the _16__ experience of a certain agriculturist from the united states,__17_ a duty in another country.after what seemed to him a suitable _18__ period,he _19__ that he would like to call _20__ the minister of agriculture.for various reasons the suggested time did not suit the minister;there were indirect indications that the time was not yet suitable.
1) a understanding b miSUNderstanding c believing d belief
2) a address b treat c handle d apply
3) a lowly b slowly c immediately d highly
4) a friends b they c others d american
5) a but b yet c or else d or
6) a consider b suppose c think d like
7) a waiting b to wait c waited d wait
8) a since b when c while d that
9) a making b to make c made d have made
10) a though b however c if d as though
11) a can b will c likely d maybe
12) a and b but c though d however
13) a practice b process c manner d way
14) a those b which c want d that
15) a saves b helps c serves d aids
16) a happy b fortunate c lucky d unfortunate
17) a attributed b assigned c distributed d named
18) a waiting b tried c waited d trying
19) a announced b declare c published d reported
20) a on b out c about d up
bbdbd cabbc bcddb dbaaa
exercise 6
i have always found country life most __1_.the city ,a place _2__ business is only to _3__;it is not an an ideal place for permanent residence.people may say that the city can provide you with the best __4_ life can offer.
your friends are always _5__ for an informal chat or an evening’s entertainment.the _6__ exhinitions,films or plays are always within easy reach.shopping ,too,is always a pleasure.but what _7__ the hustle and bustle of city like? the city dweller never has a moment __8_peace;he is always__9_.and what about the noise and pollution of the city? day and night the city is in uproar with its unceasing traffic.the air is polluted _10__ prisonous gases emitted by the smokestacks of factories.the water supply is tained with impurities that are harmful to the human body.the city is indeed not a place to live in.
country life is in many respects superior __11_ city life.for one thing , the people there are friendly.people are acquainted with one __12_.you can never _13__ receive a friendly nod or a kind word from anyone you _14__ meet.in the city people who live in the same _15__ are often strangers to one another.the air in the country is fresh and pure.air pollution is a thing _16__ of there.you live a healthy life in the open air.life goes on in a _17__ way and you don’t have to hurry to catch _18__ bus or travel in a crowed bus with people _19__ like sardines.gardening and fishing will be pleasant pasttimes.reading a book _20__ the warm fireside will be another pleasant pastime on a cold winter night.life in the country is indeed simple and pleasant.
1) a enjoyable b exciting c experienced d unpleasant
2) a in b on c out of d for
3) a be visiting b be visited c visit d visited
4) a where b when c what d who
5) a wanted b wanting c available d enjoyable
6) a latest b kindest c richest d poorest
7) a of b about c if d should
8) a for b even c once d often
9) a in a moment b at the moment c in a hurry d in a line
10) a in b with c of d within
11) a than b to c over d for
12) a another b other c what else d the others
13) a expected to b want to c fail to d plan to
14) a long to b be glad to c want to d chance to
15) a apartment b school c room d city
16) a hearing b unhearing c heard d unheard
17) a leisurely b easily c conveniently d effectively
18) a a b the c / d no
19) a fighting b fighted c packing d packed
20) a behind b by c in d on
adbcc abacb bacda daadb
exercise 7
in addition to their academic work,children in the united states are offered a wide range of activites in the after-school hours.
they are designed to help _1__ their skills,ability and appreciation of life; to give them a chance to practice leadership and __2_ responsibilities;_3__ school courses;and to provide additional outlets and stimuli.there is often a _4__ of activities from which to choose,such as nature clubs,musical organizations,science clubs,art and drama groups,or language clubs.a _5__ selection of sport activities is always available.__6_ every school has a student-run newspaper;often a photographic darkroom is also _7__,some of these activities take place during the school day,but _8__ are held after classes are over._9__ they’re optional they _10__ a part of the american educational experience. parents encourage their children to participate in those program that __11_ suit their own special talents and interests.much is learned during these off-duty hours,especially in _12__ of human "give-and-take".americans believe this _13__ human relationships,social skills and a well-trained body,_14__ intellectual development .both _15__ and college admission officers in the united states carefully consider the extra curricular activities _16__ students have participated,both during their free time after school and also during the long holidays.these indicate to them _17__ of a young person’s leadship potential enthusiasm,creativity,_18__ of interest,vitality and personality.they weigh these qualities,together with the academic record,in order to _19__ a student’s intelligence,perseverance and ability to use what he knows,_20__ merely repeating it by rot on examination papers.
1) a broaden b extend c stretch d concentrate
2) a resume b assume c adopt d presume
3) a to supplement b supplemening c to support d supporting
4) a scale b specimen c ring d range
5) a deep b long c wide d high
6) a lastly b virtually c finally d consequently
7) a possible b available c peobable d capable
8) a many b few c other d some
9) a even though b in case c despite d however
10) a consider b considered c are considering d are considered
11) a most b best c least d worst
12) a conditions b terms c condition d term
13) a included b includes c to include d including
14) a after all b except for c as well d as well as
15) a employers b employees c parents d relatives
16) a which b that c in that d in which
17) a anything b something c everything d nothing
18) a bread b butter c breadth d broad
19) a assess b assume c assist d assign
20) a no more than b rather than c better than d less than
abadc bbaad bbbda dbcab
exercise 8
some personal characteristics play a vital role in the development of one’s intelligence.but people fail to realize the importance of cultivating these factors in young people.
the so-called "non-intelligence factor" include __1_ feelings ,will,motivation,interests and habits.after a 30-year follow-up study of 8000 males,american psychologists _2__ that the main cause of disparities in intelligence is not intelligence _3__,but non-intelligence factors including the desire to learn ,will-power and self-confidence.
_4__ people all know that one should have definite objectives,a strong will and good learning habits,quite a number of teachers and parents don’t pay much attention to __5_ these factors.
some parents are greatly worried __6_ their children fail to do well in their studies.they blame either genetic factors,malnutrition,or laziness,but they never take _7__ consideration these non-intelligence factors.at the same time,some teachers don’t inquire into these,as reason _8__ students do poorly.they simply give them more course and exercises,or _9__ rebuke or ridicule them.after all,these students lose self-confidence.some of them just feel defeated and _10__ themselves up as hopeless.others may go astray because they are sick of learning._11__ investigation of more than 1000 middle students in shanghai showed that 46.5 percent of them were _12__ of learning,because of examination ,36.4 percent lacked persitence,initiative and conscientiousness and 10.3 percent were sick of learning.
it is clear _13__ the lack of cultivation of non-intelligence factors has been a main _14__ to intelligence development in teenagers.it even causes an iMBAlance between physiological and __15_ development among a few students.
if we don’t start now to _16__ the cultivation of non-intelligence factors,it will not only obstruct the development of the __17_ of teenagers,but also affect the quality of a whole generation.some experts have put forward _18__ about how to cultivate student’s non-intelligence factors.
first,parents and teachers should _19__ understand teenage psychology.onthis basic,they can help them to pursue the objectives of learning ,_20__ their interests and toughening their willpower.
1) a one’s b their c his d her
2) a came out b found out c figured out d worked out
3) a in itself b by itself c itself d on its own
4) a though b nevertheless c however d moreover
5) a believing b studying c cultivating d developing
6) a about b when c how d whether
7) a for b in c into d over
8) a why b that c when d how
9) a ever b even c still d more
10) a put b get c handle d give
11) a the b an c another d and
12) a afraid b ahead c aware d ashamed
13) a that b how c why d which
14) a storage b tendency c threat d obstacle
15) a intelligent b characteristic c psychological d physical
16) a chase b thrust c strengthen d physical
17) a intelligence b diligence c maturity d performance
18) a projects b warnings c proposals d decision
19) a fully b greatly c very d highly
20) a insuring b going c exceeding d stimulating
abcac bcabd baadc cacad
exercise 9
ludwig van beethoven,a major composer of the nineteenth century,overcame many _1__ problems to achieve artistic greatness.
born in bonn,germany,in 1770,he first studied music _2__ the court organist,gilles vander eeden.his father was excessively strict and given to _3__ drinking.when his mother died,beethoven,then a young man,was __4_ guardian of his two younger brothers.appointed deputy court organists to christian gottlob neefe at a surprisingly early age in 1782,beethoven also __5_ the harpsichord and the viola.in 1792 he was sent to vienna __6_ his patron.court ferdinated waldstein,to _7__ music under haydn.
beethoven __8_ unmarried.because _9__ irregular payment from his publishers and erratic support __10_ his patrons,he was troubled by financial worries throughout his _11__ life.continually plagued by _12__ health,he developed an ear infection which _13__ to his tragic deafness in 1819.
in _14__ of this handicap,however,he continued to write music.he completed mature mastepieces of great musical depth;three piano sonatas,four string quarters,the missa solemins,and the 9th symphony.he died in 1872.his life was marked by a passionate dedication __15_ independence.
nothing that beethoven often __16_ into fits of rage,goethe once said__17_ him," i am astonished by his talent,but he is unfortunately an altogether untamed personality." _18__ beethoven’s personality may have been _19__ ,his music shows great discipline and control ,and this is _20__ we remember him best.
1) a personal b himself c private d own
2) a by b within c with d for
3) a small b heavy c many d great
4) a sent b send c name d named
5) a played b play c playing d to play
6) a by b on c in d from
7) a studying b have studied c study d be studied
8) a reminded b remarked c remanded d remained
9) a for b of c with d on
10) a from b on c under d between
11) a older b younger c adult d old
12) a good b worse c illness d ill
13) a led b caused c leads d caused
14) a despite b spite c although d though
15) a of b on c to d with
16) a flew b fly c came d come
17) a with b for c to d of
18) a in spite of b although c however d since
19) a intamed b distamed c untamed d iltamed
20) a how b when c where d who
acbda acdba cdabc adbca
exercise 10
we know we have to read "between the lines" to get the most out of anything.making up is also a useful practice,_1__ you shouldn’t mark up a book which isn’t yours.librarian who_2__ you books expect you to keep them clean,and you should .if you decide that i am right about the usefulness of marking books,you will have to _3__ them.
there are two ways in _4__ one can own a book.the first is the property right you establish by _5__ it,just as you pay for clothes and furniture. but the act of purchase is only the prelude to __6_.full ownership comes only when you have made it a _7__ of yourself,and the best way _8__ yourself a part of it is by writing in it.an illustration may make the point clear.you buy a beefsteak and transfer it __9_ the butcher’s icebox to you own.but you don’t own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you comsume it and get it _10__ your bloodstream.i am arguing that books,too,must be absored in tour bloodstream _11__ you any good.
there are three kinds of book owners.the first has all the standard sets and best sellers—unread,__12_.the second has a _13__ many books —few of them read__14_,most of them dipped into,but all of them as clean and shiny _15__ the day they were bought.the third has a few books or many—every one of them__16_ and dilapidated.
why is __17_ a book indispensable to reading?first,it keeps you awake.i mean wide_18__.in the second place,reading if it is active,is thinking,and thinking __19_ express itself in words.finally,writing helps you remember the thought you had,ot the thoughts the author _20__ .
1) a but b although c and d so
2) a borrow b borrrowed c lend d lent
3) a buying b buy c borrow d exchange
4) a which b that c what d there
5) a pay for b pay c paying d paying for
6) a possesses b possess c possession d possessions
7) a group b part c series d number
8) a to change b to make c making d changing
9) a from b into c to d form
10) a away from b out of c into d under
11) a having doing b doing c do d to do
12) a untouching b untouched c touching d touched
13) a great b large c big d greater
14) a on b aloud c through d about
15) a when b which c before d as
16) a dogearing b dogeared c to be dogeared d to dogear
17) a marking up b mark up c to mark up d to mark
18) a wake b wake up c awaking d awake
19) a tend to b tends to c tending to d tending
20) a expressing b to express c expressed d to expressing
acbad cbbac dbacd badbc
exercise 11
although many people speak english,they don’t pronounce it or spell the word they use the same way.the united states, in __1_ ,has its own special way of pronouncing and spelling the english language.they speak american english ,and they __2_ a lot of its special character to one man:noah webster.
noah webster was born in connecticut in 1758.he _3__during a period of great american patriotism.he gratuated from yale university when he was 20. the __4_ of the american revolution brought independence to the united states,but political _5__ didn’t satisfy webster.he wanted to _6__ "the king’s english" and replace it __7_ a special american language.
in 1783,webster published a textbook called the american spelling book.it was used by generation after __8_ of american school children .because the book had a blue back,it become famous __9_ "the blue-backed speller".
webster also _10__ a dictionary.it too,became very __11_ and was updated and reprinted many times.__12_ are,when you go to look up a word,you’ll _13__ the word in a new edition of noah webster’s book.
in his books,webster made many changes in the english used in the united states.he suggested new ways to __14_ and spell english words.he also added new american __15_ to the language.
webster made many other changes,most of _16__ american use today.however,webster did not go __17_ his friend benjamin franklin wanted him to.franklin wanted to __18_ all the silent letters from words;he also wanted to change the spelling of many words.had franklin written the dictionary __19_ webster,he would spell give[giv],and wrong[rong].franklin really wanted to give us our own mother tongue-but we would have _20__ it tong!
1) a particular b special c ordinary d extraordinary
2) a owing b own c owning d owe
3) a grows up b has been grown up c grew up d has grown up
4) a final b end c finish d terminal
5) a independence b dependence c independent d dependent
6) a doing away with b doing with c do away with d do with
7) a using b by c under d with
8) a a generation b generation c many years d generations
9) a for b by c with d as
10) a compiled b has compiled c was compiling d compiles
11) a popularity b population c popular d pollution
12) a opportunities b chances c opportunity d chance
13) a look up b look after c look for d look to
14) a write b learn c have pronounced d pronounce
15) a sentences b words c ways d means
16) a that b them c which d the
17) a as far as b as quick as c as long as d as good as
18) a do away with b keep c get rid of d drop
19) a instead of b instead c in the stead of d replace
20) a been spelling b read c spelled d been reading
adcba cdbaa cbadb cadac
exercise 12
english belongs,in a rather complicated way,to the indo-european family __1_ includes most of the european languages and a few asiatic ones. we don’t know __2_ the orginal speakers of the parent indo-european language lived.guessed about their homeland __3_ all the way from northwestern europe __4_ central asia.according to all the early _5__ ,they were a tall,blond,and warlike people,with a good __6_ of energy and intelligence.in their native land they had developed _7__ writing nor cities,so there is not much __8_ about how they lived when they were at home.but when they __9_ home and went out in __10_ of new lands,the indo-european seem to have been generally successful in _11__ the countries they came to.
when a wave of them _12__ a territory already crowded,they _13__ the original population._14__ they lost their distinctive appearance by intermarrying with the earlier inhabitants,and sometimes they also _15__ most of the features of their language.when a _16__ went to a more thinly-settled territory,they naturally _17__ their physical characteristics comparatively unchanged for a much longer time;and they were likely to preserve the _18__ features of their language also,though the two things did not always go together.
the slavic and celltic languages,__19_ indian,persian ,and some others,are of indo-euro-pean origin,but the three branchs with _20__ english is most concerned are the greek,latin,and germanic,particularly the last.
1) a which b whose c that d whom
2) a that b which c where d whose
3) a is ranging b range c have ranged d have been ranged
4) a into b towards c from d to
5) a records b recording c tapes d notes
6) a number b great c amount d deal
7) a either b neither c other d both
8) a evidence b points c understanding d knowing
9) a leave b would leave c left d were leaving
10) a search b wanting c looking d demanding
11) a conquer b conquering c defeat d defeating
12) a settled in b settled c settled down d settled to
13) a mix with b mixed together c mixed with d mix together
14) a on time b from time c by time d in time
15) a give in b gave in c gave up d give up
16) a branch b wave c group d kind
17) a preserve b reserve c preserved d reserved
18) a special b particular c distinguished d distinctive
19) a as well as b as good as c as well d as good
20) a them b which c the three branches d that
acbda dbaca bacdc bcdab
exercise 13
although many governments try to convince their respective subjects that atomic energy is an acceptable alternative _1__ the burning of fossil fuels,no government has taken the least trouble to explain the dangers.maybe they are __2_ them.__3_ the reason,the public must learn by experience,even though this _4__ may be catastrophic.
while it is true that nuclear reactors do not produce visible smoke,it is certainly not __5_ that they do not pollute.and the pollution they produce is much more insidious precisely because it is __6_.
__7_ inconvenient it may be for governments to publish all the facts,they have no moral excuse for not doing so,__8_ they think they are acting in our best interest.at least some of the facts are known,even though they are not widely reported.
nuclear reactors produce radioactive water and gases in vast _9__.what __10_ all this waste?it is __11_ concrete tanks and stored on tank farms.it is __12_ in disused salt mines.it is run into fractured rock.it is buried.it is __13_ about in special trains.but even when dumped,it has to be kept __14_ by sprinklers to stop it from boiling.and the contents of the tanks are,of course,extremely corrosive.the efforts of a fracture in the tank or a failure of the cooling system would be _15__.
while every effort is made to _16__ that radioactive wastes do not excape into the sea or _17__ supplies of drinking water,such a leakage would be too horrible __18_ contemplate.but even then ,governments would presumably continue to belittle the hazards.
it seems that __19_ governments can get away with not telling the truth,they will continue to keep silent.nevertheless the people _20__ to know the full facts.do you know what happens to the radioactive waste in your country?no?well—find out!
1) a for b with c to d instead of
2) a unaware of b aware of c unaware from d aware from
3) a however b whatever c whenever d wherever
4) a experiment b government c danger d experience
6) a visible b invisible c disvisible d unvisible
5) a unture b unreal c true d distrue
7) a however b whatever c whenever d wherever
8) a even b if even c if d even if
9) a numbers b quality c quantities d degree
10) a happens to b happen to c happened to d happening to
11) a put down b put into c put up d puto onto
12) a stored b storing c being stored d to be stored
13) a transporting b transport c being transported d transported
14) a hot b cooled c cool d to cool
15) a disaster b danger c a disaster d disastrous
16) a reassure b ensure c convince d assure
17) a in front of b behind c forward d into
18) a against b that c to d too
19) a as long as b as well as c as good as d as smart as
20) a has a right b with a right c having a right d have a right
cabdc badca badcd bdcad
exercise 14
i __1_ by myself in my usual compartment for at least 10 minutes,waiting __2_.the train never seemed to start on time and i often thought that i could have __3_ in bed a little longer,or had another cup of tea before _4__. suddenly i heard someone __5_ on the platform outside.a young girl _6__ towards the train.the man on duty put out his hand __7_ but she ran past him and opened the door of my compartment.then the whistle blew and the train started.
"i nearly missed it,__8_?"the girl said."how long does it take to _9__ london?"
"it depends on the engine driver."i said ,"some day it’s much slower than others."
"i’ll have to __10_ so as not to be late again tomorrow,"she said."_11__ my first day at work with a new firm today and they told me that the man _12__ is very strict.i __13_ him yet so i don’t know __14_ but he sounds a bit frightening."
she talked about the new job on the way to london and before long,i realized that she _15__ for my firm.i _16__ in the firm for nearly 20 years.our boss was really a very strict man.my own secretary _17__ so i must be her new boss._18__ fair to her.
"oh,dear,"she said."what a terrible mistake!i wish i _19__."
"never mind,"i said."at least you’ll know when you train’s late_20__."
1) a have been sitting b had been sitting c sit d am sitting
2) a for the train to start b the train starting c the train start d for the train starting
3) a lain b laid c lied d lay
4) a i have left the home b i leave from home c leaving home d to leave home
5) a shouting b shouted c was shouting d be shouting
6) a running b runs c is running d was running
7) a stop her b stops her c and stopped her d to stop her
8) a haven’t i b wasn’t i c don’t i d didn’t i
9) a get to b reach to c arrive to d make to
10) a mend me the watch b mend me my watch c have my watch mended d have mended my watch
11) a there was b there is c it is d it was
12) a i am going to work for b what i am going to work for
c for which i am going to work d which i am going to work for
13) a did not meet b haven’t met c didn’t know d haven’t known
14) a what he is like b what is he like c how he is d how is he
15) a had been working b will go to work c is going to work d was going to working
16) a had been working b have been working c worked d have worked
17) a was left b leaves c had left d have left
18) a there was b that was c it was d was
19) a know b knew c have known d had known
20) a so will the time be b the mine will be,too c so will mine d mine will be,too
baaca dddac cabad accdc
exercise 15
glass is everywhere in our lives.it is so common __1_ we hardly think about it.we _2__ it when we look out of the window and if we wear glasses.we drink from it and sometimes eat from it.the light in our homes comes through glass windows in the daytime and from glass lights _3__.glass __4_ in homes,schools,businesss,industry,and automobiles.
fortunately for us,glass is __5_ very inexpensive materials.the main material is sand from quatz rock.the mixture is heated until it becomes a syrupy _6__. when the liquid cools,it becomes glass.
no one knows __7_ first discovered glass or how.early humans used obsidian,a natural glass __8_ by volcanoes,to make tools and jewelry.people probably began making glass themselves around 3000 b.c. in syria.then in a war __9_ egypt and syria in 1400 b.c,syria became part of egypt.the egyptians took syrian glassmakers __10_ to egypt,and over the centuries the entire eastern mediterranean area became a glassmaking center.
probably around 300 b.c. the blowpipe __11_. egyptian glassmakers developed the use of the blowpipe.they specialized _12__ beautiful jewelry,dishes,and other containers.
the romans soon started making their own glass.then they _13__ that glass could be used to make windows.__14_ centuries later,europeans made magnificent church windows __15_ colored glass.
__16_ 1900 companies have developed many new types of glass.safety glass is a sandwich of glass and plastic.if it breaks,the pieces stay together _17__ flying in all directions.this invention is very useful _18__ automobile windows.
today most glass is made __19_ machines in large factories.no one _20__ it. people use television and computers to control the machines.
1) a that b which c where d as
2) a look for b look in c look after d look through
3) a in night b at night c for night d with noght
4) a was used b used c is used d are used
5) a made from b made of c make from d make of
6) a solid b the solid c the liquid d liquid
7) a whom b whoever c who d whose
8) a was from b formed c was formed d was forming
9) a between b among c beneath d both
10) a from b go c back d come
11) a was discovered b was invented c discovered d invented
12) a in b on c for d from
13) a knew b recognized c told d realized
14) a few b little c a few d a little
15) a from b to c into d on
16) a because b as c for d since
17) a instead b take place of c instead of d replace
18) a on b onto c into d in
19) a into b for c by d from
20) a smells b touches c sees d feels
adbca dcbac badca dcdcb
exercise 16
from the very beginning,water has furnished man with a source of food and a highway to travel.the first civilizations arose __1_ water was dominant element in the environment,a challenge__2_ man’s ingenuity.the egyptians invented the 365-day calendar __3_ the nile’s annual flooding.the babylonians,_4__ were among the most famous law-makers in ancient times,invented laws_5__ water usage.water inspired the chinese to build a 1000__6_ canal,a complex system __7_,after 2500 years,remains partically __8_ and still commands the astonishment of engineers.but _9__ never found complete solutions_10__ their water problem .the yellow river is also known _11__ "china’s sorrow".it is so unpredictable and dangerous __12_ in a single flood it has caused a million _13__.floods slowed the great _14__ of the indus river valleys,and innumerable damage ruined _15__ of its land.today,water dominates man _16__ it always has done.its presence continues to __17_ the location of his homes and cities;its violent variability can _18__ man or his herds or his crops;its routes links him __19_ his fellows;its immense value may __20_ to already dangerous political conflicts.there are many examples of this in our own time.
1) a where b the place c when d in the place
2) a with b as c to d on
3) a in regard to b in response to c in case d in spite of
4) a they b / c that d who
5) a regulates b regulate c regulated d regulating
6) a miles b mile c mile’s d miles’
7) a who b in which c which d by which
8) a in use b for use c by use d on use
9) a ancient b the ancients c ancients d ancients people
10) a for b of c to d on
11) a for b by c to d as
12) a that b which c because d as
13) a people b deaths c damages d ruins
14) a influence b effect c society d civilization
15) a many b lot c much d a lots
16) a for b as c because d whereas
17) a effect b control c lead d influence
18) a cause b violate c kill d damage
19) a by b on c at d to
20) a increase b add c solve d intensify
acbdd dcabc dabdc bdcdb
exercise 17
according to government statistics,men of all social calsses in britain visit pubs quite often,_1__ the kind of pub they go to may be different and their reasons for going there __2_,too.at present,they often take their wives or girlfriends,which _3__ to be the case.
the fact is that the typical english pub is changing,not only __4_ the licensing laws not being so strict as they __5_,but also because publicans are trying to _6__ away with the old victorian _7__ of the pub and _8__ provide couples with an atmosphere where they can both feel happy.pubs used not to open __9_ at certain time.the result was that they were usually _10__ with men who seemed to be drinking as much as possible in the time_11__.but the kind of pub is quickly becoming a thing of the past.
curiously enough,the old british licensing laws,which foreigners found so objectionable and absurd ,were_12___introduced as a_13___measure to stop workers drinking in the world war i.__14___,the strong puritanical _15__in parliament took_16__of the law and_17__it.
opening hours are _18__ limited to eight hours a day,but publicans can now choose which hours _19__ them best.and nowadays you can even get a cup of coffee if you prefer __20_ beer.but in spite of this the puritans would never dream of admitting that a pub could become a repeatable place.
1) a and b though c when d as
2) a disagree b diverge c vary d deviate
3) a used not b not used c used d is used
4) a because b because of c as d in that
5) a were b are c used d had been
6) a take b do c keep d go
7) a sight b image c appearance d perception
8) a then b instead c further d still
9) a except b except for c only d only for
10) a covered b crowed c full d plenty
11) a available b proper c probable d accessible
12) a ordinarily b generally c originally d formely
13) a perpetual b temporary c uniform d temperate
14) a nevertheless b however c afterward d furthermore
15) a factor b element c component d atom
16) a advantage b profit c use d charge
17) a retained b contained c maintained d protected
18) a even b just c but d still
19) a suit b match c meet d agree
20) a against b for c with d to
bcaba bbbab acbcb aadad
exercise 18
each company has many "public" who would be able not only to recognize its name __1_ to correctly identify its industry and its _2__.these publics include present customers and stockholders as well as banks,insurance companies,stockbrokers,and securities __3_ who supply the company with essential services and capital.
the _4__ names of many well-established companies can be one of misinformation,thereby _5__ communication with them. this was the problem that faced michigan seamless tube company---a company with sales of 128 million a year. at first__6_,the company’s name tell us that it is located in michigan _7__ that it manifactures seamless tubing.what the name does not __8_ to most people is the fact michigan seamless tube also has operations in five __9_ states and has a varied production line of forgings,broaching machines,tools,ans steel bars in addition to seamless tubing.the problem was __10_ by the company’s _11__ ,which operated _12__ their own names and were not clearly identified with the _13__ company.
customers,suppliers,and the financial community did not see michigan aeamless tube as a _14__ based metal producer.they perceived it only as a small,_15__,regional manufacturing company.the company’s __16_ decided to adopt a new corporate identity.
the _17__ point for this change was the company name. the new name had to be one that could encompass all of the company’s products and subsidiaries, a name that would correctly project the image of a _18__ corporation.after considering many different possibilities,management decided on a __19_ word:quanex--- a name _20__ from a combination of the first three letters of the word "quality" and the first three letters of the latin word "nex",which means connection.
1) a and b but c however d either
2) a production b product c producing d by-product
3) a analytical b analyst c analysis d analysts
4) a business b co-operation c incorporation d corporate
5) a limiting b limits c limit d limited
6) a glance b view c watch d consideration
7) a and b but c so d however
8) a pass b transfer c convey d transmit
9) a else b others c other d rest
10) a decreased b increasingly c increased d compounded
11) a headquarters b plants c agents d subsidiaries
12) a in b under c with d have
13) a parent b mother c head office d original
14) a broadly b sizebly c competitively d largely
15) a specialized b special c specialty d specialization
16) a managements b managerial c managers d management
17) a first b start c begin d starting
18) a diversification b dicersifying c diversify d diversified
19) a created bcoined c made d imagined
20) a resulted b compounded c derived d changed
bbdda aaccd dbaaa dddbc
exercise 19
during the 1980s,unemployment and underemployment in some countries was as high as 90 percent.some countries did not _1__ enough food;basic needs in housing and clothing were not _2__.many of these countries looked to the industrial processes of the developed countries _3__ solutions.
__4_,problems cannot always be solved by copying the industrialized countries.industry in the developed countries is highly automated and very __5_.it provides fewer jobs than labor-intensive industrial processes,and highly __6_ workers are needed to _7__ and repair the equipment.these workers must be trained _8__ many countries do not have the necessary training institutions.thus,the __9_ of importing industry become higher.students must be sent abroad to _10__ vocational and professional training.__11_,just to begin training,the students must _12__ learn english,french,german,or japanese.the students then spend many years abroad,and _13__ do not return home.
all countries agree that science and technology _14__ be shared.the point is:countries __15_ the industrial precesses of the developed countries need to look carefully _16__ the costs,because many of these costs are _17__. students from these countries should __18_ the problem of the developed countries closely.__19_ care,they will take home not the problem of science and technology,_20__ the benefits.
1) a generate b raise c produce d manufacture
2) a answered b met c calculated d remembered
3) a for b without c as d about
4) a moreover b therefore c anyway d however
5) a expensive b mechanical c flourishing d complicated
6) a gifted b skilled c trained d versatile
7) a keep b maintain c retain d protect
8) a since b so c and d yet
9) a charge b price c cost d value
10) a accept b gain c receive d absorb
11) a frequently b incidentally c deliberately d eventually
12) a soon b quickly c immediately d first
13) a some b others c several d few
14) a might b should c would d will
15) a adopting b conducting c receiving d adjusting
16) a to b at c on d about
17) a opaque b secret c sealed d hidden
18) a tackle b learn c study d manipulate
19) a in b through c with d under
20) a except b nor c or d but
cbadb bbdcc adaba adccd
exercise 20
predictions of many robots in industry have yet come true.for ten years or more,manufacturers of big robots have explained how their machines can make industry more competitive and productive.the maker for _1__ robots is oversupplied now,and the driving force of the robotics revolution is _2__ to be with maker of machines that handle a few kilos at most.
"heavy-robot manufacturers are in some difficulty __3_ finding customers.they are offering big __4_ just to get in the door.there has been a _5__ growth everywhere in the numbers of robots,so we admit we are either deceiving __6_ or that the market is slowly growing."said john reekie,chairman of colen robotics."the following things must happen__7_ the robotics revolution to occur.we must achieve widespread robot literacy._8__ there has been a computer __9_ program,there must be a robot literacy program.__10_,some kind of artificial intelligence needs to be _11__.
colen makes educational robots and machine tools.it is small _12__ with companies like asea or fujitsu fanuc. but colen with others in departments in universities such as surrey,manchester,and durham posses an advantage _13__ the giants.the big companies sell very expensive _14__ to businesses with expert knowledge in automation.the _15__ companies make robots for teaching people,and now they have realized that there is a need for small,__16_ robots that they can meet.
the little companies either bring their educational machines _17__ an industrial standard or design from the start.one technique that they all adopt is to choose __18_ components where possible.the major cost of making __19_ their models is the electronics,which will fall in price.there is _20__ scope for reductions in mechanical costs.the use of standard parts,which are easily replaced,should give these robots a mechanical life of something in the order of five years.
1) a small b educational c big d business
2) a claimed b called c thought d told
3) a to b with c over d in
4) a money b discounts c prices d costs
5) a exciting b encouraging c satisfying d disapointing
6) a ourselves b customers c companies d us
7) a to b for c in d with
8) a as if b even though c just as d although
9) a custom b literacy c poem d tradition
10) a however b finally c whereas d because
11) a capable b possible c probable d available
12) a compared b comparing c contrasted d contrasting
13) a than b above c over d from
14) a tools b robots c machines d electronics
15) a other b big c little d robot
16) a expensive b artificial c educational d low-cost
17) a up to b on c in d about
18) a mechanical b standard c cheap d small
19) a much b many c both d some
20) a more b less c no d least
cadbd abcbb dacbc dabcb
exercise 21
computer are now being pushed into school.we know that multimedia will make __1_ easy and fun.children will happily learn from __2_ characters while taught by expertly __3_ software.who needs teachers when you have got __4_ education?these expensive toys are difficult to use in the classroom and __5_ extensive teacher training.sure,kids love video games---__6_ think of you own experience:can you __7_ even one educational filmstrip of many years ago?i’ll __8_ you remember the two or three great teachers who made a __9_ in your life.
then there is cyberbusiness.we are promised _10__ catalog shopping---just point and click for great deals.we’ll order airline tickets _11__ the network,book restaurants and negotiate sales _12__.stores will become obsolete.so how come my local mall does more __13_ in an afternoon than the entire internet __14_ in an month?even if there were a trustworthy way to __15_ money over the internet,the network is __16_ a most essential ingredient of trade and commerce:salespeople.
what’s absent from this electronic wonderland?people contact.computers and networks __17_ us from one another.a network chat line is a limp __18_ for meeting friends over coffee.no interactive multimedia display comes __19_ to the excitement of a __20_ concert.this virtual reality where frustration is legion and where---in the holy names of education and progress---important aspects of human interactions are relentlessly devalued.
1) a schoolwork b exercise c teamwork d research
2) a stimulated b animated c developed d interested
3) a guided b prepared c tailored d sold
4) a computer-aided b computer-presented
c computer-designed d computer-developed
5) a promise b introduce c encourage d require
6) a but b just c and d therefore
7) a appreciate b recall c comment d produce
8) a recommend b guess c bet d urge
9) a result b mark c impression d difference
10) a immediate b free c versatile d instant
11) a over b with c by d in
12) a decisions b agreements c contracts d plans
13) a communication b commerce c business d program
14) a reserves b handles c subscribes d transmits
15) a mail b deposit c send d save
16) a missing b disappearing c expelling d retaining
17) a dismantle b confine c discriminate d isolate
18) a occasion b substitute c change d compromise
19) a near b up c close d back
20) a life b alive c living d live
abcad abcdd accbc adbbd
exercise 22
in the past,the park service focused on making the big scenic parks more __1_ and comfortable for tourists.road were paved to allow "windshield visitors" to experince the grandeur of nature without leaving their cars,and a _2__ number of hotels and grocery stores were permitted to open __3_ the park boundaries.
now this trend is changing.plans have been made to __4_ the parks to their natural condition as much as possible.the objective of such a move would be to secure the preservation of the parks for future generations,__5_ allowing present-day visitors to experience pure wildeness,__6_ from any obvious signs of citilization---an opportunity which is quickly disappearing in the twentieth century.__7_ plans call only __8_ a reduction in the number of cars __9_ into the parks each day,but __10_,tourists may have to leave their cars at the gates and then dither visit the park on foot__11_ use park__12_.__13_,stores and hotels may no longer be allowed within park boundaries and even the number of campground may be restricted.
denail national park in alaska serves as an excellent __14_ for this new type of park,one which has been changed only slightly from its __15_ state.there is only one road,unpaved in __16_,which cross __17_ denali.as car traffic is strictly limited,many visitors experience the magnificent __18_ and wildlife from a park bus.there are no hotels or stores and only seven campgrounds within denali’s 3000 square miles.this __19_ isolation offers backpackers,canoeists,and other sport enthusiasts a __20_ physical and pshchological challenge.
1) a possible b accessible c approachable d reachable
2) a large b amazing c minumum d limited
3) a within b inside c on d at
4) a recover b turn c rebuild d restore
5) a thus b and c while d but
6) a released b devoid c free d resulted
7) a detailed b initial c overall d long-term
8) a at b on c for d about
9) a allowed b parked c moved d headed
10) a then b finally c consequently d eventually
11) a or b and c but d may
12) a transportation b traffic c facilities d lot
13) a exceptionally b additionally c increasing d extraordinarily
14) a prototype b example c model d pattern
16) a segment b portions c divisions d sections
15) a original b naturall c primitivel d rude
17) a in b into c off d through
18) a scenery b scene c sight d spectacle
19) a comparative b relative c strict d geographical
20) a strange b specific c special d distinct
bdadc cbcad aabcb ddabc
exercise 23
all the wisdom of the ages,all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries, are easily and cheaply __1_ to all of us __2_ the covers of books--- but we must know how to avail ourselves __3_ this treasure and how to get __4_ from it. the most __5_ people all over the world,are _6__ who have never discovered how _7__ it is to read good books.
i am very interested in people,in meeting them and __8_ about them.some of the most _9__ people i have met existed only in a writer’s imagination,then __10_ the pages of his book,and then,again,in my imagination.i have found in books new friends,new societies ,new words.
if i am interested in people.others are interested not so much in who __11_ in how.who in the books includes everybody from science-fiction superman two hundred centuries in the futureall the way back to the first __12_ in history;how __13_ everything from the ingenious explanations of sherlock folmes __14_ the discoveries of science and ways of teaching manners to children.
reading can make our minds feel pleased,_15__ means that it is a little like a sport;your eagerness and knowledge and quickness __16_ you a good reader.reading is __17_ ,not because the writer is telling you something ,__18_ becuase it makes your mind work.your own imagination works together with the __19_ or even goes beyond his.your experience,__20_ his,bring you to the same or different conclusions,and you ideas develop as you understand his.
1) a useful b new c readable d available
2) a in b at c within d with
3) a of b with c for d in
4) a the more b the most c the much d the less
5) a lucky b fortunate c unfortunate d misfortune
6) a these b that c this d those
7) a satisfied b dissatisfied c satisfying d dissatisfying
8) a to find out b finding out c to find d finding
9) a remarkable b notorious c hostile d rude
10) a on b in c off d with
11) a like b and c or d as
12) a number b point c part d figure
13) a recovers b discovers c uncovers d cover
14) a to b in c until d into
15) a that b which c what d as
16) a do b convert c impose d make
17) a fun b funny c uninteresting d exhausting
18) a and b for c since d but
19) a the author b the author’s c the compiler d the compiler’s
20) a comparing with b compared with c comparing to d compared to
ccabc dcbaa dddab dadbb
exercise 25
all immigrants must become permanent residents of the united states before they can __1_ citizenship.people who are residents carry with them a small card called an alien registration receipt card.this card is __2_ refered to as a "green card", __3_ it is rarely green in color anymore.
the forms that __4_ be filled out in order for you to become a permanent resident differ __5_ the type of immigrant you are.__6_ filling out the appropriate forms,most candidates for permanent residency must __7_ photo,fingerprints,a birth __8_ ,a police report from their country,and a health report by a physician __9_ is recognized by the immigration and naturalization service,candidates must also be __10_ by the immigration offfice.
it is important to be aware of the __11_ that the process of becoming a permanent resident is often frustrating and sometimes humiliating.__12_,applications get lost.at other times they seem to be __13_.the process usually takes longer than it _14__.sometimes,during an interview,immigrants are treated rudely and with __15_.some waiting rooms are dark and dirty.the physicians you are required to see often do not have adequent __16_.the best _17__ we can give you is to remember that the immigration and naturalization service must be responsible for recognizing that dangerous criminals and drug __18_ are not accepted.if you papers are taking too long to__19_,it is sometimes helpful to contact the local office of an elected official.he or she might be willing to call the immigration office on your behalf and possibly help to _20__ the process.
1) a ask for b appeal for c apply for d seek for
2) a normally b ordinarily c regularly d commonly
3) a despite b although c as d in spite of
4) a will b shall c must d should
5) a from b with c in d by
6) a besides b furthermore c however d except that
7) a submit b give c supply d offer
8) a recommendation b diploma c license d certificate
9) a whom b which c who d by whom
10) a asked b interrogated c questioned d inteviewed
11) a point b fact c view d opinion
12) a often b occasionally c rarely d regularly
13) a forgetten b discarded c ignored d uncared for
14) a should b could c would d might
15) a suspect b doubt c suspicion d incredulous
16) a equipment b facilities c instruments d appliances
17) a proposal b opinion c advice d suggestion
18) a lovers b addicts c adorer d fans
19) a be settled b be processed c be coped with d be dealt with
20) a improve b enhance c hasten up d speed up
cdbcc aadcd bbcac bcbbd
exercise 26
music comes in many forms;most countries have style of their own.__1_ the turn of the country when jazz was born,america had no prominent __2_ of its own.no one knows exactly when jazz was __3_,or by whom.but it began to be __4_ in the early 1900s.jazz is america’s contribution to __5_ music.in contrast to classic music,which __6_ formal european traditions,jazz is spontaneous and free in form.it bubble with energy,__7_ the modds,interests,and emotions of the people.in the 1920s,jazz __8_ like america.and __9_ it does today.the __10_ of this music are as interesting as the music __11_.american negroes,or blacks,as they are called today,were the jazz__12_.they were brought to the southern states __13_ slaves.they were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long __14_.when a negro died his friend and relatives __15_ a procession to carry the body to the cemetery.in new orleans,a band often accompanied the _16__.on the way to the cemetery the band played slow,solemn music suited to the occasion._17__ on the way home the mood charged.spirits lifted.death had remove one of their __18_,but the living were glad to be alive.the band played _19__ music,improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes __20_ at the funeral.this music made everyone want to dance.it was an early form of jazz.
1) a at b in c by d on
2) a music b song c melody d style
3) a discovered b acted c designed d invented
4) a noticed b found c listened d heard
5) a classical b sacred c light d popular
6) a forms b follows c approaches d introduces
7) a expressing b explaining c exposing d illustrating
8) a appeared b felt c sounded d seemed
9) a so b as c either d neither
10) a originals b origins c discoveries d resources
11) a concered b itself c available d oneself
12) a players b followers c pioneers d fans
15) a demonstrated b composed c formed d hosted
14) a months b weeks c hours d times
13) a for b by c with d as
16) a demonstration b procession c body d march
17) a evenl b therefore c but d so
18) a number b members c body d relations
19) a sad b solemn c funeral d happy
20) a whistled b sung c showed d presented
cdbad bacab bcdcc bcbdd
exercise 27
travelling can be fun and easy.a vacation trip to another country is especially __1_ when the travelling conditions are good.good travelling conditions __2_ a comfortable mode of transportation,knowledge of the __3_ language,familiarity __4_ the custom and habits of the people in the country,and pleasant travelling __5_.all of us have had nice trips __6_ this.
most of us have aslo had trips that we would __7_ to forget.many conditions can produce a bad __8_ experience.for example,if the four conditions __9_ above do not exist,we will probably have a bad experience,__10_ at best a difficult __11_.students who travel to a __12_ country to study often have a difficult trip.they usually travel __13_.they don’t know the language of the new country __14_.they often arrive in the new country __15_ a judge international airport.from the airport,they need to __16_ their way to their school.maybe they need to __17_ airplanes,to take a bus,a train,or a taxi.they need to do all this in a country__18_ everything is unfamiliar.later,after the experience are __19_,they can laugh.but at the __20_,they feel terrible.
1) a happy b enjoyable c amusing d favorable
2) a include b conclude c hold d contain
3) a place’s b area’s c country’s d city’s
4) a to b for c of d with
5) a companions b friends c comrades d fellows
6) a with b as c like d of
7) a have b think c wish d need
8) a tripping b travelling c passing d visiting
9) a told b numbered c talked d listed
10) a or b and c but d so
11) a case b one c thing d practice
12) a different b another c foreign d other
13) a separate b lonely c alone d single
14) a yet b either c too d already
15) a at b to c on d from
16) a watch b see c notice d find
17) a thift b exchange c board d change
18) a where b that c when d which
19) a ended b over c completed d finished
20) a date b time c while d day
bacda ccbda bccaa ddabb
exercise 28
in 1910 the world was shocked by a particularly cold-blooded murder.h.h.crippen was _1__ american doctor who worked in london.he was a married __2_,but when he was ___3 in england,he fell in love __4_ his secretary.instead of asking his __5_ for a divorce,he killed her and buried __6_ body in the cellar of his house.then he and his secretary ,who was dressed __7_a boy,sailed on a __8_ called "the montrose" for new york.only a very __9_ time before,however,the wireless telegraph __10_ been invented.the montrose was one the __11_ ships equipped with marconi’s wireless,and the passengers were not __12_ ignorant of its presence on board,but probably did not __13_ know what a "wireless telegraph" __14_.the captain of the ship recognized crippen and secretary __15_ a message to the london police.an inspector set out in a faster ship,and ___16 up with the montrose in the atlantic.__17_ up as a sailor,he boarded the montrose __18_ they reached new york,and arrested dr.crippen.eighteen months __19_,the british government passed a law that all passengers ships _20__ carry wireless.
1) a a b the c an d some
2) a doctor b husband c person d man
3) a going b living c coming d studying
4) a for b to c on d with
5) a girl b wife c woman d secretary
6) a a b her c hers d her’s
7) a for b alike c as d unlike
8) a ship b train c boat d plane
9) a short b few c long d little
10) a has b had c was d have
11) a supply b space c naval d passenger
12) a actually b only c truly d once
13) a even b just c indeed d still
14) a is b has been c was d had been
15) a gave b offered c sent d took
16) a kept b caught c went d came
17) a dressed b clothed c putting d wearing
18) a after b while c before d when
19) a later b eariler c sooner d ago
20) a did b could c might d must
cdbdb bcaab baccb bacad
exercise 29
mother teresa is known __1_ the world for __2_ her life in the service of the _3__ of the poor in the world.her life of service to others began on august 27,1910 in the town of skopje,macedonia.__4_ she was born,she was named agnes gonxha bojaxiu,the third child of nikola and drana bojaxiu,who were strong albanian catholics.her parents believed deeply _5__ helping the poor to have a __6_ life.agnes’s mother taught her well that __7_ charity meant caring for others.she always invited their poor neighbors into her home,and she often visited the sick,the __8_,and the only.
agnes learned much about service __9_ her family.she also learned about the importance of service through her __10_.one man in particular,named father jambrekovich,helped agnes decide what to do __11_ her future.when agnes was 12 years old,he told her in exciting about the __13_ missionaries that helped the poor in calcutta,india.
at the age of 18,agnes __14_ that she wanted to become a num.she applied to work __15_ the order of loreto,the missionary nuns who worked in eastern india.making the decision to become a num was not easy for agnes because there was much that she would have to give __16_:marriage,children,her family,her music,and her writing.__17_ ,on september 25,1928,agnes left her family and friends in skopje to begin her life of __18_ in india.she knew that she __19_ never change her mind about becoming a __20_.
1) a by b in c throughout d through
2) a spending b staying c living d spent
3) a poorest b poor c poorer d poverty
4) a when b whenever c before d upon
5) a of b in c with d for
6) a best b better c good d rich
7) a correct b right c real d true
8) a older b elder c elderly d old
9) a from b in c with d for
10) a belief b religion c catholics d christianity
11) a in b for c with d to
12) a detail b way c manner d detail
13) a buddhist b catholic c christian d religious
14) a decided b determined c said d promised
15) a for b at c with d in
16) a up b in c away d out
17) a but b nevertheless c while d therefore
18) a services b service c serving d servicing
19) a would b could c should d might
20) a catholic b nun cpriest d mother
caaab bdcab cdbac abbab
exercise 30
last year,france recorded just 31 cases of the mad cow disease.the rising numbers are in part __1_ a new testing program that focuses on cows that are most __2_.that program has __3_ 39 cases.but still 60 new cases were identified in the usual way,_4__ were found in 1999.many scientists __5_ that this year,five years after safety precautions were__6_,the number od cases would be __7_.
the rise in cases has __8_ some scientists to question whether the disease can be transmitted in ways not yet understood.scientists are still __9_ by the disease,first recognized in cows in 1986.
it appears that it is not casused by a bacteria,virus or fungus,but __10_ infectious particles called prison,perhaps __11_ a virus or other agent.the desease kills cells in the brain,__12_ it spongy and full of holes.
france has taken more steps to __13_ safety than most european countries,__14_ refusing to take english beef __15_ the european union.but some scientists believe that france has not been __16_ in imposing the ban on feed that __17_ animal parts.
some french officials hope that the sudden interest in mad cow disease will mean that french consumers will become educated about it,thereby recognizing that french beef is actually __18_ controlled.every cow is given a passport at birth ,and extensive information about is parentage and __19_ it was raised must be __20_ to any slaughterhouse.when a diseased animal is found,the nentire herd is destroyed.
1) a as b because c since d due to
2) a at risk b in risk c risking d at danger
3) a identified b invented c discovered d disclosed
4) a more b far more c far more than d less than
5) a expect b expected c have expected d had expected
6) a put to place b put a place c put in place d put in the place
7) a declining b inclining c increasing d reclaiming
8) a attempted b prompted c lured d intended
9) a puzzling b puzzled c being puzzled d to be puzzled
10) a sterm from b developed in c grew out of d generated from
11) a grew with b agree with c coincide with d in concert with
12) a to leave b leaving c leaves d left
13) a be sure b ensure c make sure d assure
14) a including b excluding c containing d enclosing
15) a abiding by b in defiance of c according to d in accordance with
16) a effective b efficient c affective d affect
17) a contains b consists of c is made from d is made up
18) a stiff b rigidly c hard d roughly
19) a where b how c when d why
20) a subjected b submitted c reported d registered
daacd cabba adbba aabab
