通过修改Linux服务自动启动指定应用程序[转载]Linux中修改系统服务的命令是chkconfig (check config),命令
通过修改Linux服务自动启动指定应用程序[转载]
Linux中修改系统服务的命令是chkconfig (check config),命令的详细解释如下:
chkconfig
功能说明:检查,设置系统的各种服务。
语 法:chkconfig?[--add][--del][--list][系统服务]?或?chkconfig?[--level?<</SPAN>等级代号>][系统服务][on/off/reset]
补充说明:这是Red?Hat公司遵循GPL规则所开发的程序,它可查询操作系统在每一个执行等级中会执行哪些系统服务,其中包括各类常驻服务。
参 数:
--add? 增加所指定的系统服务,让chkconfig指令得以管理它,并同时在系统启动的叙述文件内增加相关数据。?
--del? 删除所指定的系统服务,不再由chkconfig指令管理,并同时在系统启动的叙述文件内删除相关数据。?
--level<</SPAN>等级代号>? 指定读系统服务要在哪一个执行等级中开启或关毕?
首先来执行 chkconfig --list命令来查看所有已添加的系统服务(下面的结果只是一部分)
[root@fd?init.d]#?chkconfig?--list
diskdump????????0:off???1:off???2:off???3:off???4:off???5:off???6:off
xfs?????????????0:off???1:off???2:on????3:on????4:on????5:on????6:off
rhnsd???????????0:off???1:off???2:off???3:on????4:on????5:on????6:off
cups-config-daemon??????0:off???1:off???2:off???3:on????4:on????5:on????6:off
netfs???????????0:off???1:off???2:off???3:on????4:on????5:on????6:off
nfs?????????????0:off???1:off???2:off???3:off???4:off???5:off???6:off
microcode_ctl???0:off???1:off???2:on????3:on????4:on????5:on????6:off
netplugd????????0:off???1:off???2:off???3:off???4:off???5:off???6:off
netdump?????????0:off???1:off???2:off???3:off???4:off???5:off???6:off
cpuspeed????????0:off???1:on????2:on????3:on????4:on????5:on????6:off
syslog??????????0:off???1:off???2:on????3:on????4:on????5:on????6:off
smb?????????????0:off???1:off???2:off???3:off???4:off???5:off???6:off
ntpd????????????0:off???1:off???2:off???3:off???4:off???5:off???6:off
rawdevices??????0:off???1:off???2:off???3:on????4:on????5:on????6:off
psacct??????????0:off???1:off???2:off???3:off???4:off???5:off???6:off
vncserver???????0:off???1:off???2:off???3:off???4:off???5:off???6:off
saslauthd???????0:off???1:off???2:off???3:off???4:off???5:off???6:off
dc_server???????0:off???1:off???2:off???3:off???4:off???5:off???6:off
mdmonitor???????0:off???1:off???2:on????3:on????4:on????5:on????6:off
httpd???????????0:off???1:off???2:off???3:off???4:off???5:off???6:off
ibmasm??????????0:off???1:off???2:off???3:off???4:off???5:off???6:off
dc_client???????0:off???1:off???2:off???3:off???4:off???5:off???6:off
其中第一列表示服务名,后面的0-6表示在这六种启动方式中该服务是启动(on)还是关闭(off)
比如默认情况下,自动检测新硬件的服务是启动的(服务名是kudzu),每次启动需要检测一段时间,我们可以关闭服务,以后有了硬件改动在调用它。
chkconfig kudzu off
chkconfig --list kudzu
kudzu?????????? 0:off?? 1:off?? 2:off?? 3:off?? 4:off?? 5:off?? 6:off
可以看到检测新硬件的服务都被关闭了,再次启动时就不会检测新硬件了。如果有了硬件改动你可以选择将此服务打开(chkconfig kudzu on),其实有更简单的方法,输入
service kudzu start
手动启动检测新硬件服务就可以了。这些服务都存放在/etc/init.d目录下,他们都是可执行的shell文件,比如刚才用的检测新硬件服务
[root@fd /]# ls -l /etc/init.d/kudzu
-rwxr-xr-x? 1 root root 2095 Aug 23? 2005 /etc/init.d/kudzu
其实我们编写的shell文件也可以放在这里,然后添加成系统服务,但是我们必须遵守一个简单的预定。我们先来看看kudzu的具体内容吧
根据这个模式编写一个简单的启动tomcat的服务脚本,vi /etc/init.d/tomcat,内容如下
[root@fd?/]#?cat?/etc/init.d/kudzu
#!/bin/bash
#
#?kudzu?????????This?scripts?runs?the?kudzu?hardware?probe.
#
#?chkconfig:?345?05?95
#?description:??This?runs?the?hardware?probe,?and?optionally?configures?\
#???????????????changed?hardware.
#?This?is?an?interactive?program,?we?need?the?current?locale
具体内容省略
?
#?chkconfig:?2345?20?80
#?description:?simple?example?to?start?tomcat
export?JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.5.0_16
export?CLASS_PATH=/usr/java/jdk1.5.0_16/lib
export?PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
/usr/Tomcat/bin/startup.sh
将tomcat添加到服务中
chkconfig --add tomcat
状态设为启动
chkconfig tomcat on
??????? 在tomcat文件的头几行的注释语句中,必须包含chkconfig和description两部分内容,否则在执行“chkconfig --add tomcat”时,会出现“tomcat服务不支持chkconfig”的错误提示。chkconfig这行表示缺省启动的运行级别以及启动和停止的优先级,如该服务缺省不再任何运行级启动,则以 - 代替运行级别。在tomcat中表示脚本在运行级2、3、4、5启动,启动优先权为20(优先权数越大服务启动的越晚),停止优先权为80。如果服务已经设置好了,那么通过编辑tomcat文件来修改启动优先权就不管用了,先删除服务再添加进来就可以了。
??????? 我模仿检测新硬件服务的内容编写一个较为复杂的tomcat服务,在系统启动时启动tomcat,在系统关闭时关闭tomcat。内容如下
#?chkconfig:?2345?30?70?
#?description:?Starts?and?Stops?Tomcat.
export?JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.5.0_16
export?CLASS_PATH=/usr/java/jdk1.5.0_16/lib
export?PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
case?"$1"?in
?start)
?/usr/Tomcat/bin/startup.sh
?touch?/var/lock/subsys/tomcat
?;;
?status)
????????if?[?-f?/var/lock/subsys/tomcat?];?then
??????????echo?$"tomcat?is?running"
??????????exit?0
????????fi
????????echo?$"tomcat?has?stopped"
????????exit?3
????????;;
?stop)
?/usr/Tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
?rm?-f?/var/lock/subsys/tomcat
?;;
?restart)
?/usr/Tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
/usr/Tomcat/bin/startup.sh
;;
*)?
echo?"Usage:?tomcat?{start|stop|restart|status}"?
exit?1?
esac?
exit?0