翻译是考研英语中的固有题型,随着对长难句考察的侧重,近年来的翻译题中也出现了越来越多的长句子,这往往让考生感到无从下手。其实,再长的句子,只要找准了主干,把结构分析清楚,正确的理解和翻译就不在话下。
一般来说,长难句的翻译可以分四步进行:第一步是找主干,一个句子只能有一个主干,先把主干找出来,剩下的修饰部分也就容易辨认了;第二步是分析句子结构,把句中的各种从句、修饰成分都一一找出来,整理清楚,结构就明确了;第三步是逐句翻译,因为句子结构复杂,包含多层意思,很难直接完整地译出来,所以可以先把从句翻译出来,化繁为简;第四步是把译好的分句连缀起来,顺序可稍加调整,使之符合汉语习惯,表达流畅。
例1:
【原句】The United States is the product of two principal forces--the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.
【解析】主句:The United States is the product of two principal forces,同位语并列结构:the immigration of European peoples...and the impact of a new country,定语从句:which modified these traits.
【译文】美国是两种主要力量的产物--即思想习俗、民族特色各异的欧洲移民和新国家修改这些特征的影响的产物。
例2:
【原句】During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society's ill" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.
【解析】介词短语作状语:During the discussion of rock...;非谓语动词作后置定语:the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting;句子主干(并列结构):Levin asserted...and even cited...;宾语从句:that "music is not the cause of society's ill";同位语:his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York;定语从句:who uses rap to communicate with students.
【译文】在上个月的股东大会上,大家就摇滚乐的歌词进行了讨论。莱文宣称"音乐不是社会问题的病因",他甚至还以自己的儿子为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一名教师,用说唱乐的表达方式与学生进行交流。