听力：
Conversation1
男生找老师，老师问他今天上课听懂没?男生说他报communication的时候没想到会讨论古罗马演讲家，并且说不同意此演讲家的观点“要做好人才能当演讲家”。老师说对的，这是我们下节课要讲的内容。古希腊有学校培养演讲家，不讲moral内容，只教怎么去persuade别人，有时候自己都不知道自己讲的是什么。然后男生说今天来其实是想请你帮我的internship写推荐信，老师说好啊，但是我才教了你半个学期，不太了解你。学生说我写了个personalessay，老师说好吧那我帮你看看，可以了解你顺便帮你改改essay。
Conversation2
女生希望director能同意让她妹妹来住宿舍，因为想让妹妹感受下大学的气氛，来决定是否要申请本校。Director本来不同意，但是听说要申请本校就改口同意了，并问女生是否要参加一个介绍学校的program。
Lecture1
美国历史讲座，美国首都为什么从费城迁到华盛顿。当时本来经济文化中心是费城，但是当时中央政府权力主要被地方13个州瓜分了，南北方的州总有争议。比如当时中央想通过一个bill来takeover某些州的debt，南方州不同意，觉得是政府削弱了他们的权力。北方州也不同意，因为有些北方州自己没有debt，不想给别人还债。因为首都不能在任何州里面才公平，所以大家一度因为会把费城从宾州里面独立出来，但是有政客去游说北方州，说可以把北方一块地作为首都，就是华盛顿特区。南方一度还是不同意，但是怕再吵下去中央政府要分崩离析，于是就同意了。华盛顿离弗吉尼亚州很近，所以也比较方便。本来买下华盛顿并不是很贵，但是中央政府太穷，还得卖地给别人来一点点筹钱。
Lecture2
生物学讲座，老师说蝙蝠都会冬眠，一般每一两周就会有自然醒现象出现。但是最近美国的一些蝙蝠醒来的会更频繁，这非常不好因为蝙蝠容易饿死。原因可能是蝙蝠染上了一种白色的真菌，但是欧洲也有长这种真菌的蝙蝠却没被饿死，所以怀疑可能是美国的真菌变异了。还有种看法是有可能真菌并不是直接致死原因，有可能是因为有东西影响到了他们的免疫系统。本来蝙蝠有种物质chitin，应该是夏天不能消化，冬天胃里产生酶来消化，但是在冬天死去的蝙蝠体内还有很多chitin，证明消化这里出了问题，影响了energy，导致蝙蝠冬天的死亡。最后说人类可以帮助他们，比如在洞里放取暖设备，但是本来蝙蝠也是可以自救的。
Lecture3
艺术史讲座，拉斯科洞穴画，说怎么样定义画的时间，一个是absolutely时间还有就是relative时间。人们可以根据洞内的化石以及当时作画的颜料进行科学测量分析，计算出画存在的时间。还有就是可以根据洞穴里的画，有些画是重叠在另一幅画之上的，意味着下面那幅画相对来说时间更早一些，成为relativetime。但是随着拉斯科动画旅游业的开放，旅客参观践踏了洞里面的土地给后期的研究带了很大障碍，也许拉斯科画有很神秘的宗教意义，但是一切都已无从考证了。
Lecture4
考古学讲座，白垩纪时期很多动物灭绝了，最有名的是恐龙。当时的气候是地球最热的时期因为CO2很多，。但是有人提出当时可能也有冷的时候，通过贝壳发现氧18当时含量很高，所以推断当时冰覆盖到了赤道附近(可能)，还有个人是因为某个断定当时有冷的时期。最后教授说现在的气候和过去的气候不一样，所以不能简单地下结论。
口语:
1. Your friend has been offered a job that's far away from his hometown. Do you think he should take it or not? Give specific reasons and details to support your response.
2. Do you agree or disagree that teachers should encourage students to have class discussions during class? Give specific reasons and details in your response.
Task 3
Reading:
Announcement: The school is planning to set quiet time at 10:00 pm in the student dorms
Reason 1: cut down noise made my students
Reason 2: reduce conflicts between student
Listening:
Woman agrees with the policy
Reason 1: it can reduce the noise in the dorms. She has to study in the library now because the dorm is too noisy with all the parties going on. If this policy goes through, she can get things done in the dorms. And students can go to bed earlier, and get ready for early classes.
Reason 2: her friend had some arguments with her roommate because her roommate always listen to music at a high volume, she complained but the roommate won’t turn it down. It will make student’s life easier if University make the new plan a reality.
Task 4
Term: Impact Bias
Definition: people have inaccurate expectations of the impact certain event will have on them. Both the intensity and how long it would last
Lecture:
The professors daughter wanted to apply to this University because her best friends are applying and the University’s got a great educational program. She thought he life will be ruined if she didn’t get it. It turns out she wasn’t accepted. She got very upset about it. But she was busy taking care of her high school graduation and planning her summer vacation. Pretty soon she forgot about her misfortune of being rejected by the school, and move on with her life.
Task 5
Problem: the man is invited to go to a conference in NYC with the professor he’s been working with, but only hotel will be covered, he will have to pay for transportation himself.
Solution 1: he can buy a flight ticket and fly to NYC
Pro: meet people, opportunity to learn, more time to be prepared for presentation
Con: expensive
Solution 2: take the train to NYC
Pro: save some money
Con: train ride takes one day, he will miss an important class
Task 6
The professor talks about how animals that doesn’t live underwater do to stay under the water. The first way is to reduce movement in order to save oxygen. For example, alligators hunt under water by staying very still, basically no movement. In doing so, it can cut down heart rate, therefore cut down the need for more oxygen. The second way is to minimize the time spent under water. For example, brown pelican dives down to catch fish in the water. It doesn’t go to deep, and it has air sacks that open when in the water. That will help the pelican to get back to the surface as fast as possible for oxygen.
